•倒装句：全部倒装和部分倒装•全部倒装：•1）当there, here, then, now等副词在句首，且谓语是come, go, be，exist，lie等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。
如果主语是代词，则不用倒装。
Then came another question.然后又一个问题提出来了。
Then followed the four-year War of Liberation.接下来是四年的解放战争。
2) 当out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词放在句首时，句子一般要全部倒装。
Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了"爱司"。
A way flew the bird.那鸟飞走了。
•部分倒装：•1) 为了避免重复，常用"so + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语"或"neither / nor + be 动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语"的倒装句式。
He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.他曾去国外深造过，我也去过。
One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.我的一个朋友会说三门外国语，他的妻子也会。
They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .他们正在为期末考试作准备，我们也一样。
•2）具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时（除否定词修饰主语外），要用部分倒装句。
如：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner …(than), hardly …(when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。
例如：Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。
Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night .他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。
So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.就我所知，玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。
Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . （否定词修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。
）去年秋天，这儿几乎没下一滴雨。
•3）当so, often, only等表示程度、频率的副词放在句首时，句子一般要倒装。
例如：•Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样，你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。
So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.形势如此地严峻，每个人都面临着一场考验。
So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. 他太操劳过度以致最后病倒了。
•4) 省略了if的虚拟条件句•Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.如果没有他们的帮助，我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。
Should he come, say "Nobody in" to him.万一他来了,对他说："公司没人。
"•5）让步状语从句的倒装•Hard as I tried, I couldn…t lift the stone.无论我多使劲，我也无法搬起那块石头。
•Fast though he ran, he still failed to catch the bus.•他虽然跑得很快，但还是错过了公车。
6）某些表示祝愿的句子•May our friendship last forever.愿我们的友谊常存！May your company become prosperous.祝贵公司生意兴隆！•7) 由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒装句•Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。
On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings.这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多综合楼•虚拟语气：一般虚拟和特殊虚拟•一般虚拟：（图表）•(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：•If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
•If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
•(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：•If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
•If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
•(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：•If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
•If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
•特殊虚拟：1. wish后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，用虚拟：A.发生在主句动作之前：had + 过去分词；would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词B.与主句动作同时发生：过去时(be 用were )C.发生在主句动作之后：would / could / might / should + 原形动词e.g. I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
•I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
•He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
• 2. would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。
1）过去：had + 过去分词；2）现在：过去时(be 用were )；3）将来：过去时(be 用were )•I‟d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
•I‟d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
•We‟d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。
• 3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为：（ should ）+ 动词原形•(1) It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural …that…•(2)It is a pity / a shame / no wonder…. that…•(3)It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /…. that…•(4) It worries me that…•如：•It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。
•It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。
•It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。
•It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。
• 4. 表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气•英语中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，都须用虚拟语气。
结构为：(should) + 动词原形。
如：•We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。