浅谈汽车电子点火系统检修注意事项王春雨(大庆石油管理局物探公司一分公司,黑龙江大庆163357)摘 要王春雨.浅谈汽车电子点火系统检修注意事项.物探装备,2004,14(2):117汽车电子点火系统性能优良、故障率低,不需要经常维护保养。
但在使用、维修时,要避免被电击、损坏电子元器件等十个方面的事项。
关键词 汽车 点火系统 检修汽车的电子点火系统,与传统的触点点火系统相比,具有性能优良、故障率低,不需要经常维护、保养等优点,但在使用、维修时必须注意十个方面。
1.在发动机起动和工作时,不要用手触摸点火线圈、高压线和分电器等,以免手被电击。
2.在检查点火系统电路故障时,不要用刮火的方式来检查电路的通、断,否则容易损坏电子元器件。
应该用万用表电阻挡来检查电路的通、断。
3.进行高压试火时,要注意避免被电击。
方法一是,用绝缘的橡胶夹子夹住高压线进行检验;方法二是,将高压导线插入1只备用火花塞,然后将火花塞外壳搭铁,从火花塞电极间隙观察是否跳火。
要避免因电压过高而损坏电子点火控制器。
4.在点火开关接通的状况下,不要作连接和切断线路的操作。
5.在拆卸蓄电池时必须确认点火开关和其他所有的用电设备都已关闭。
6.安装蓄电池时,一定要认清正、负极,千万不能接错。
蓄电池极性与线夹的连接一定要牢固,否则容易损坏电子设备。
7.在检查点火信号发生器(曲轴位置传感器)时,应注意以下两点:(1)对于磁感式电子点火系统,在打开分电器盖时,不要让垫片、螺钉等金属物掉入其内。
在检查导磁转子与定子之间的气隙时,要用无磁性厚薄规,并注意不要硬塞强拉;(2)对于光电式电子点火系统,不要轻易打开分电器盖子;在确需打开检查时,要注意避免尘土对发光、光敏元件和遮光转子的污损。
8.在用干电池模拟点火信号检查电子点火控制时,测量动作要快,干电池连接时间不超过5s。
9.对于霍尔效应式电子点火系统,在检查、维修时,可能会产生高压放电现象。
为避免对人身和点火系统的意外伤害和损坏,须注意以下几点:(1)进行检查和维修前,应先切断电源,再按要求进行。
(2)维修时使用的外接电源电压必须严格控制在16V以下。
当电压达到16~16.5V时,接通时间不允许超过l m in。
(3)装有霍尔效应式电子点火系统的汽车被拖动时,应首先切断点火系统的电源。
(4)点火线圈的负接线柱不允许与电容相接。
(5)不管在什么条件下,只允许使用阻值为1 kQ的分火头,不得用其他阻值的电阻代替防止电磁干扰的1kQ阻尼电阻,火花塞插头阻值应在1~ 5kQ。
10.维修电子点火系统,特别是无分电器点火系统(DIS)时,要绝对避免 吊火或错接高压线。
因为错接高压线将导致点火次序错乱,造成装在点火模块内的电子点火正时电路在运转间开路或对地短路。
为了防止错接高压线,在维修无分电器电子点火系统时,每次只能拆装一根高压线。
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