5．陈述句中是非限定人称代词one时，正式 文体中，简短问句的主语为one，而非正式 文体中用you。例如: • One must be honest, mustn’t one?
6．含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简 短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。但如 果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主 语与谓语之间的关系。例如： • They agreed that the United States shouldn’t make a war on Iraq, didn’t they? • I suppose (that) he is serious, isn’t he? • 注意：否定词移位的情况，如： • I don’t suppose (that) he is serious, is he?
6． 条件状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that • You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. • Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
2． 地点状语从句 ． • 特 殊 引 导 词 ： wherever, anywhere, everywhere • 句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。 • 【 注 意 】 此 句 型 通 常 译 成 “ 哪 里 …… 哪 里 就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用； 如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例 如： • Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的， 或根本不可能的。 • They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好 人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
9. 方式状语从句 • 常用引导词：as, as if, how • 特殊引导词：the way • Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
反意疑问句
1. 当 陈 述 句 的 主 语 是 everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述 句的主语是非人称的复合词，如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。 例如: • Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they? • Nobody came, did they? • Anybody can read the book, can’t they? • Everyone thinks they’re the center of the universe, don’t they? • Nothing can stop us now, can it?
7． 让步状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须 要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever • Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建 议。 • The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. • No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. • He won’t listen whatever you may say.
4． 目的状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that， in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that • The teacher raised his voice for the purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. • He must run fast lest he（should） miss the train. 他必须快跑，免得赶不上火 车。
3．如果陈述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定词, 如 seldom, hardly, never, rarely, little, few, nowhere, nothing，则简短问句通常用肯定形式。但如果陈 述句中仅包含有否定前缀，则简短问句中用否定 形式。例如： – He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he? – The rules are invariable, aren’t they? – He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he? – He hardly knows anything about computer, does he? – Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?
7．如果陈述句的谓语动词是have (当 “拥有”讲 时), 简短问句可用have形式或用do形式。例如： • You have a nice house, haven’t/don’t you? • 但如果陈述句是否定形式时，简短问句中动 词的选择则由陈述句中的动词形式而定。例如： • He hasn’t a house of his own, has he? • He doesn’t have a house of his own, does he? • 如果陈述句中的动词 have 表示“经历，遭 受，得到，吃”的意思时，则简短问句中的动词 用 do的形式。例如： • You often have headaches, d
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You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产 党，哪里人民得解放。 句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋ 主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可 以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位 于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示 “在何处，无论何处”。例如： Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有 海就有海员。
状语从句特殊连词
1． 时间状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day ， the instant, immediately, directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when • The children ran away from the orchard(果 园), the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home, than it • began to rain. • Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
4．陈述句中是I am时，简短问句则用aren’t I。 例如: • I am an excellent English speaker, aren’t I? • I am late, aren’t I? • I must finish the work today, mustn't I? • I am not late, am I?
8． 比较状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B • The house is three times as big as ours. • It's not so much that the machine is out of order as （ that ） / but (rather) I have not learned to operate it． • Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
5． 结果状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that • It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. • To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.