启示二
尽管有例外，但总体而言，课堂实践中的评价充满了问题和缺陷。形成性评价急需进一步的发展。
Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam ‘Inside the Black Box’
12
A more alarming finding was that formative assessment is seriously in need of development. There is a huge emphasis on summative assessment at the expense of formative assessment.
You might not want these actual rules, inviting some classes to interrupt you if they don’t understand it, might not be wise!
Why Байду номын сангаасot make up the rules with your class?
学习性评价
赵静博士
1
This is the introductory power point for the toolkit – it can be used as a stand alone or for setting the scene and/or putting AfL into context.
你需要考虑的是：
学生的年龄
目前的教学内容
师生关系
学生之间的关系
班额的大小
你拥有多少时间
你每日工作中遇到的挫折与干扰
在小组内分享在你的学生时代与评价有关的一个故事
5
Activity: Think, Pair and Share
Ask participants to think back to a memory from school that is linked to assessment in some kind of way. Ask them to think about assessment broadly. It could be getting a test mark back or a teacher’s comment in an exercise book or it could be just a piece of verbal feedback from a teacher.
四个实践环节
分享学习目标：让学生清楚地知道他们要学会什么，他们如何做才能成功达成学习目标。
提更好的问题：使用提问来激发思考，给学生更多地支持来找到问题的答案。
让反馈更有效：提高口头反馈和书面反馈的质量。
促进学生的自我评价：开展同伴评价和自我评价，帮助学生在学习过程中相互给予评价。
15
There are four ways in which teachers can strengthen formative assessment in the classroom. Together they form a powerful strategy for helping pupils to be able and willing to take more responsibility for their own learning.
14
There is a wealth of evidence about how to improve formative assessment. And Black and Wiliam and their colleagues went on to use that evidence to help teachers make practical changes in their classrooms to make more effective use of formative assessment.
它包含三个方面：
收集学生学习的信息
分析这些信息
使用这些信息来帮助学生更有效地学习
8
Academic definitions of assessment for learning are good and fine but this is the down-to-earth practical definition.
Then ask for feedback – you can flip chart responses.
If you have an experience of your own you can share it.
Negative experiences tend to outweigh the positives, so that can lead to……..
It’s about three things and if you are not doing these three things on an on-going basis in your classroom you are not teaching effectively.
It’s about gathering information continually about your learners’ learning. And interpreting that learning…..
Paul Black和Dylan Wiliam《在黑盒中》
什么是“学习性评价”？
7
Definition -taken from the ‘Inside the Black Box’
Assessment for Learning has been around for some time inEngland– it was promoted through the Key Stage 3 Strategy but all too often it was given to the person responsible for Assessment, Recording and Reporting in a school and it tended to become Assessment of Learning –i.e. summative
You can make the point that this is the first practical idea for the day. It’s rules for learning for the day.
Point out that it’s a good idea for the classroom. Everyone has rules for behaviour but what about rules for learning?
We advise that you use it with your staff before and in addition or prior to using any of the other power points on the CD.
我们要学习…….
加深对于学习性评价的理解
识别和评价一些课堂教学策略，你和你的同事们能够使用这些课堂教学策略帮助改善教学
启示一
通过针对不同年龄、不同学科、不过国别的学生开展的实验表明，加强过程性评价能显著提高学生的学业成就，特别是对于学业成就较低的学生。
Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam ‘Inside the Black Box’
11
The first was that all children benefit from effective formative assessment but the evidence suggests lower ability children benefit most. This is hardly surprising as it is all about giving pupils more effective help to learn. But there is a large body of evidence to back it up.
Are they learning at all? What are they learning? Is it related to what I intended them to learn?
You are doing these two things to ‘assess for learning’ but it doesn’t become formative until you do the third thing and that is to amend your teaching in the light of what you have found out about students’ learning.
启示三：
大量证据帮助我们了解如何更好地开展形成性评价，它包括营造一种努力争取成功的文化氛围，并且相信所有人都能成功；它包括提高课堂中的师生互动的质量；它还包括更有效地采用学生之间的同伴评价和学生的自我评价。
Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam ‘Inside the Black Box’
But it’s also an essential part of effective teaching and learning.
‘学习性评价’意指教师和学生开展的一系列活动，活动中获得的信息将作为一种反馈用来指导他们调整教和学的活动。只有当这些信息被用来指导改进教学活动、满足学生实际需要的时候，我们才可以认为这种评价是‘过程性评价’。”
So if I talk too much today and I see your eyes glaze over I need to change it and set an activity!