如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知！硕士学位论文青霉素菌渣风险评价体系与抗生素菌渣管理体系的构建CONSTRUCTION OF PENICILLIN RESIDUE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AND BACTERIAL ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM苗杨哈尔滨工业大学2014年6月如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知！国内图书分类号：学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：密级：公开工程硕士学位论文青霉素菌渣风险评价体系与抗生素菌渣管理体系的构建硕士研究生：苗杨导师：孟宪林副教授申请学位：工程硕士学科：环境工程所在单位：市政环境工程学院答辩日期：2014年6月如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知！授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知！Classified Index:U.D.C:Dissertation for the Master Degree inEngineeringCONSTRUCTION OF PENICILLIN RESIDUE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AND BACTERIAL ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMCandidate：Miao YangSupervisor：Associate Prof. Meng XianlinAcademic Degree Applied for：Master of Engineering Speciality：Environmental EngineeringAffiliation：School of Municipal and Environmental EngineeringDate of Defence：June, 2014Degree-Conferring-Institution：Harbin Institute ofTechnology如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知！摘要抗生素菌渣由于含有部分抗生素残留而被视为危险废物，但究其对人体健康和生态环境的确切风险却缺乏相关研究。
此外，抗生素菌渣的管理也存在诸多漏洞，各地方环保部门对抗生素菌渣的管理模式不甚规范，导致部分抗生素菌渣流失，严重威胁环境安全。
目前抗生素菌渣的处理处置方式主要采用焚烧和填埋，这样不仅造成了菌渣中大量营养物质的浪费，同时也大大增加了抗生素生产厂家的经济成本。
因此，抗生素菌渣的风险评价模型和管理体系的建立对于抗生素菌渣的资源化处置和规范化管理显得尤为重要。
以青霉素菌渣添加量为1%~10%，菌渣处置前和处置80%后的人体健康风险为切入点，通过辨识出青霉素菌渣饲料化存在的健康风险因素，结合青霉素毒理性实验成果计算出剂量与反应的关系，然后对经口摄入、皮肤接触（土壤）、吸入土壤颗粒物等暴露途径中涉及的人体健康风险进行研究，并运用MatLab 软件编程构建出人体健康风险评价模型。
评价结果表明菌渣添加量为1%~10%，菌渣处置前和处置80%后的青霉素菌渣饲料化的人体健康风险均可忽略；青霉素菌渣饲料化导致人体过敏的可能性极小。
通过对青霉素菌渣能源化和肥料化过程风险因子的识别，结合青霉素在环境中的迁移转化规律，对青霉素菌渣能源化制沼气过程和肥料化过程进行生态风险评价，并构建出相应的水生生态风险评价模型。
评价结果表明青霉素菌渣在能源化和肥料化过程中对陆生生态和水生生态的风险均很小，可忽略。
所构建的水生生态风险评价模型可通过菌渣中青霉素残留量、青霉素在水中的停留时间和废水中青霉素的处置率计算出青霉素菌渣能源化和肥料化过程的水生生态风险表征值。
基于抗生素菌渣基本信息、菌渣处理处置工艺、典型抗生素菌渣风险评价模型以及抗生素菌渣转移管理四大板块，结合计算机软件开发技术（Linux+Tomcat+Oracle+Java），构建抗生素菌渣风险管理体系。
管理者通过该体系可对抗生素菌渣的产生情况、危害特性、贮存情况、处理处置方式、对环境和人体健康的风险等进行查询、统计、分析以及评价，从而使抗生素菌渣的管理早日进入系统化、规范化、科学化的轨道。
关键词：青霉素菌渣；风险评价；青霉素菌渣饲料化；青霉素菌渣肥料化；青霉素菌渣能源化制沼气；抗生素菌渣风险管理如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知！AbstractAntibiotic bacterial residues have been listed as hazardous waste because it contains antibiotic residues, but the exact risk of antibiotic bacterial residues to human health and the environment have few relevant research. In addition, there are also many loopholes about the management of antibiotic bacteria residues. For example, the management mode that some environmental protection departments adopted are not standard, which resulting in the loss of antibiotic bacteria residues and the potential dangers to the environmental safety. Currently, the disposal ways of antibiotic bacterial residues are incineration and landfill, which not only waste resources, but also increase the treatment costs. Therefore, it is important to establish the bacterial antibiotic residue risk assessment models and management system to realize the resources disposal and standardized management of antibiotic bacterial residues.Taking penicillin bacteria residues adding amount of 1%~10% and bacteria residue treatment of 0% and 80% for example, this thesis identified health risk factors and used penicillin toxicity datas to calculate the relationship between dose and effect to studied the human health risk in swallowing, skin contacting and breathing. In addition, MatLab software was also used to construct the risk assessment models. The results showed that health risk can be ignored and allergy risk was few in the pocess of feeding.The ecological risk of penicillin bacteria residues in the pocess of fertilizing and energying was assessed by identifying risk factor as well as transformation and transportation law of penicillin. Besides, the corresponding aquatic ecological risk evaluation model was also established. The results indicated that in the process of fertilizing and energying the risk to terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems was so small that it can be ignored. Ecological risk characterization of penicillin bacterial residues in the pocess of fertilizing and energying can be calculated by aquatic ecological risk assessment model when如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知！penicillin residues, penicillin residence time in water, and the disposal rate of penicillin in waste water were known.Based on basic information of antibiotic residue bacteria, treatment process, risk assessment model of typical bacterial antibiotic, and the management of transfer, and conbined the software development technology (Linux + Tomcat + Oracle + Java), bacterial antibiotic residue risk management system was established. Through the system, administrator can query, count, analysis and evaluate the production of antibiotic bacterial residues, harmful characteristics, storage conditions, treatment and disposal methods and the ecological or human health risks of antibiotic bacterial residues. Thus the bacteria antibiotic residue management can early access an systematic, standardized and scientific track.Keywords: penicillin bacteria residues, risk assessment, feeding of penicillin bacteria residues, fertilizing of penicillinbacteria residues, energying of penicillin bacteria residues,risk management of bacterial antibiotic residue如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知！目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 课题来源及研究的目的和意义 (1)1.1.1 课题来源 (1)1.1.2 课题的研究目的和意义 (1)1.2 课题背景 (1)1.3 青霉素菌渣的产生及性质 (2)1.3.1 青霉素菌渣的产生 (2)1.3.2 青霉素菌渣的性质 (2)1.3.3 青霉素的性质 (3)1.4 抗生素菌渣国内外处理处置现状 (4)1.4.1 抗生素菌渣利用和处置技术 (4)1.4.2 抗生素菌渣处理处置难点 (6)1.5 本文的主要研究内容 (6)1.6 本文的技术路线 (8)第2章青霉素菌渣饲料化的人体健康风险研究 (9)2.1 青霉素菌渣饲料化的可行性分析 (9)2.1.1 卫生安全性评价 (9)2.1.2 常规营养成分及氨基酸评价 (9)2.1.3 代谢利用评价 (11)2.2 青霉素菌渣饲料化的人体健康风险评价 (11)2.2.1 危害识别 (11)2.2.2 剂量-反应评估 (13)2.2.3 暴露评价 (13)2.2.4 风险表征 (26)2.3 青霉素菌渣饲料化的人体健康风险评价模型的构建 (29)2.4 青霉素菌渣饲料化的人体致敏量模型的构建 (31)2.5 本章小结 (33)第3章青霉素菌渣能源化和肥料化的生态风险研究 (34)3.1 青霉素菌渣能源化和肥料化的可行性评价 (34)如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知！3.1.1 青霉素菌渣能源化的可行性分析 (34)3.1.2 青霉素菌渣肥料化的可行性分析 (34)3.2 青霉素菌渣能源化和肥料化生态风险研究 (35)3.2.1 青霉素菌渣对陆生生态的风险 (35)3.2.2 青霉素菌渣对水生生态的风险 (36)3.3 青霉素菌渣能源化和肥料化水生生态风险评价模型的构建 (38)3.4 本章小结 (39)第4章抗生素菌渣风险管理体系的构建 (40)4.1 我国抗生素菌渣管理现状 (40)4.2 我国危险废物管理信息系统研究进展 (41)4.3 抗生素菌渣风险管理体系的构建 (41)4.3.1 抗生素菌渣基本信息数据库 (43)4.3.2 抗生素菌渣处理处置工艺数据库 (43)4.3.3 风险评价数据库 (46)4.3.4 抗生素菌渣转移管理数据库 (47)4.4 本章小结 (49)结论 (50)参考文献 (51)攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文及其它成果 (59)哈尔滨工业大学学位论文原创性声明和使用权限 (60)致谢 (61)如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知！第1章绪论1.1课题来源及研究的目的和意义1.1.1课题来源本课题来源于环境保护部“微生物制药菌渣处置和利用环境风险控制技术”环保公益性科研项目中的子课题“菌渣综合利用和处理处置环境安全性评价”（项目编号：201209024）。