名词解释：1 .The Great Depression2 Industrial Revolution3 Melting Pot4. Black Death2。
工业革命指的是机械化工业和社会和经济组织的后果在18世纪末和19世纪初的英国。
英国是第一个工业化的国家。
工业革命在英国首先开始于纺织工业。
3。
因为美国是一个多民族的国家,它也被称为“大熔炉”,意味着移民来自世界各地不同国家混合组成美国国家。
4。
黑死病是现代的名字给了致命的黑死病,病由鼠蚤传播流行。
在14世纪传遍欧洲。
它席卷英格兰在1348年的夏天没有警告。
它造成许多人死亡。
由于瘟疫,大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。
5。
美国的宪法是美国政府的基本仪器和最高法律。
它是世界上最古老的成文宪法。
1787年制定,并于1789年生效。
它建立联邦制和引进制衡政府历史上第一次。
the Black DeathIt was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It s wept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left unten ded and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.这是致命的黑死病在14世纪传遍欧洲。
它席卷英格兰没有警告,任何治疗,和毫不吝惜的受害者。
它杀死了一半到三分之一的人口。
因此,大片土地无人照管和劳动力短缺。
它造成了深远的经济后果。
Bloody MaryHenry VIII’s daughter and a devout Catholic.When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is al so remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.亨利八世的女儿和一位虔诚的天主教徒。
当她成为皇后,迫害和烧毁许多新教徒。
所以她被“血腥玛丽”的绰号。
玛丽也记得君主失去法国加来港。
. the Great LakesThe Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Sup erior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan ——the only on e entirely in the U.S. ——Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.五大湖在美国最重要的湖泊。
苏必略湖,是世界上最大的淡水湖,密歇根湖,唯一一个完全在美国,休伦湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。
他们都位于加拿大和美国之间除了密西根湖。
What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain?——The welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the econ omic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensi ons and other facilities. The system is funded out of national insurance contributions an d taxation. In Britain the term applies mainly to National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security.“福利国家”——政府的福利国家是一个系统的国家提供经济和社会保障的公民通过其组织卫生服务、养老金和其他设施。
该系统是由全国保险税和赋税。
术语主要适用于在英国国民健康服务(NHS),国民保险和社会保障。
What are some of the characteristics of American education?——(1) Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, secondary and hig her education.(2) Public educations is free and compulsory.(3) Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.(4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.美国教育的特点是什么?——(1)在美国正规的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。
(2)公共教育是免费和义务的。
(3)多样性被认为是美国教育的一个突出特点。
(4)教育是美国的函数,而不是联邦政府。
What role does the community college play?What functions does it perform?What is it important in American higher education?What is the guiding principle of such a college?——The community college as an institution is one of the most important innovations i n the history of American higher education more accessible and in meeting the needs o f educated adults, employees of local business, professional requiring certification as wel l as community organizations.It performs five main functions. First, it prepares students for transferring to a BA prog ram at a four-year institution. Second, it provides vocational training for people who ar e already working or expect to be working in the future. Third, it gives remedial instruc tion to higher school students who are underprepared for college academically and adult s who did not learn basic skills in elementary or secondary school. Fourth, it offers recr eational, cultural activities for adults who are not seeking regular vocational or academi c skill. Fifth, it absorbs students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lo wer-status vocational program.The guiding principle of community college is higher education for everyone and the phi losophy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recog nition of individual differences.社区学院发挥什么作用?它执行什么功能?美国高等教育是什么重要的消息吗?一个大学的指导原则是什么?——社区学院作为一个机构是历史上最重要的创新之一,美国的高等教育更容易满足患者的需求,受过教育的成年人,本地业务的员工,专业要求认证以及社区组织。
它执行五个主要功能。
首先,它准备学生转移到英航计划四年的机构。
其次,它为那些已经工作或提供职业培训期望在未来工作。
第三,它给补救教学高等学校学生准备不充分的大学学业和成年人没有在小学或中学学习基本技能。
第四,它提供了休闲、文化活动对于成年人不寻求定期职业或学术技能。
第五,它可以吸收学生四年计划不合格看低职业计划。
社区学院的指导原则对每个人来说都是高等教育和哲学必须为自我实现意味着平等机会平等,承认个体差异。
I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben Nevis （本尼维斯）C. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the Severn（塞汶河）D. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough Neage 内伊湖B. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the Iberians 伊比利来D. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. Egbert 埃格伯特中世纪英格兰西撒克逊国王，英格兰首任国王(829～839)D. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest pa rliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The H undred Years’ war stated in ____ and wa ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king __ ___.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the f irst settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to t he invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced Ameri can:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffereda deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ r ate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionC. little money being investedD. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parl iaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of g uilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without di stinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and t he U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that ___ __.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ gr eat population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the ___ __.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitu tion. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A51. B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60.D。