（新劳动法合同）中华人民共和国劳动合同法英文版
中华人民共和国劳动合同法（英文版）
来源:劳动合同法网点击数:1827【字体：大中小】【双击滚屏】LAWOFTHEPEOPLE'SREPUBLICOFCHINAONEMPLOYMENTCONTRACT
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Adoptedatthe28thSessionoftheStandingCommitteeofthe10thNationalPeople'sCongressonJune2 9,2007
EffectivefromJanuary1,2008
ByBaker&MCKenzie
CHAPTER1GENERALPROVISIONS
Article1
ThisLawhasbeenformulatedinordertoimprovetheemploymentcontractsystem,tospecifytherights andobligationsofthepartiestoemploymentcontracts,toprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofEmpl oyeesandtobuildanddevelopharmoniousandstableemploymentrelationships.
Article2 ThisLawgovernstheestablishmentofemploymentrelationshipsbetween,andtheconclusion,perfor mance,amendment,terminationandendingofemploymentcontractsby,organizationssuchasenter prises,individualeconomicorganizationsandprivatenon-enterpriseunitsinthePeople’sRepublicofC hina(“Employers”)ontheonehandandEmployeesinthePeople’sRepublicofChinaontheotherhand. Theconclusion,performance,amendment,terminationandendingofemploymentcontractsbystate authorities,institutionsorsocialorganizationsontheonehandandEmployeeswithwhomtheyestablis hemploymentrelationshipsontheotherhand,shallbehandledpursuanttothisLaw.
Article3 Theconclusionofemploymentcontractsshallcomplywiththeprinciplesoflawfulness,fairness,equalit y,freewill,negotiatedconsensusandgoodfaith. Alawfullyconcludedemploymentcontractisbinding,andboththeEmployerandtheEmployeeshallper formtheirrespectiveobligationsstipulatedtherein.
Article4
Employersshallestablishandimproveinternalrulesandregulations,soastoensurethatEmployeesenj oytheirlaborrightsandperformtheirlaborobligations.
WhenanEmployerformulates,revisesordecidesonrulesandregulations,ormaterialmatters,thathav eadirectbearingontheimmediateinterestsofitsEmployees,suchasthoseconcerningcompensation, workhours,rest,leave,worksafetyandhygiene,insurance,benefits,employeetraining,workdisciplin eorworkquotamanagement,thesameshallbediscussedbytheemployeerepresentativecongressor alltheemployees.Theemployeerepresentativecongressoralltheemployees,asthecasemaybe,shall putforwardaproposalandcomments,whereuponthemattershallbedeterminedthroughconsultatio nswiththeTradeunionoremployeerepresentativesconductedonabasisofequality.
If,duringtheimplementationofanEmployer’sruleorregulationordecisiononacrucialmatter,theTrad eunionoranemployeeisoftheopinionthatthesameisinappropriate,itorheisentitledtocommunicates uchopiniontotheEmployer,andtherule,regulationordecisionshallbeimprovedbymakingamendme ntsafterconsultations.
Rulesandregulations,anddecisionsonmaterialmatters,thathaveadirectbearingontheimmediatein terestsofEmployeesshallbemadepublicorbecommunicatedtotheEmployeesbytheEmployer. Article5
ThelaboradministrationauthoritiesofPeople’sGovernmentsatthecountylevelandabove,togetherw iththeTradeunionandenterpriserepresentatives,shallestablishacomprehensivetri-partitemechani smforthecoordinationofemploymentrelationships,inordertojointlystudyandresolvemajorissuesc oncerningemploymentrelationships.
Article6 ATradeunionshallassistandguideEmployeesintheconclusionofemploymentcontractswiththeirEm ployerandtheperformancethereofinaccordancewiththelaw,andestablishacollectivebargainingme chanismwiththeEmployerinordertosafeguardthelawfulrightsandinterestsofEmployees. CHAPTER2CONCLUSIONOFEMPLOYMENTCONTRACTS
Article7
AnEmployer’semploymentrelationshipwithaEmployeeisestablishedonthedateitstar tsusingtheEm ployee.AnEmployershallkeeparegisterofemployees,forreferencepurposes.
Article8
WhenanEmployerhiresaEmployee,itshalltruthfullyinformhimastothecontentofthework,theworki
ngconditions,theplaceofwork,occupationalhazards,productionsafetyconditions,laborcompensati onandothermatterswhichtheEmployeerequeststobeinformedabout.TheEmployerhastherighttole arnfromtheEmployeebasicinformationwhichdirectlyrelatestotheemploymentcontract,andtheEm ployeeshalltruthfullyprovidethesame.
Article9
WhenhiringaEmployee,anEmploy ermaynotretaintheEmployee’sresidentIDcardorotherpapers,n ormayitrequirehimtoprovidesecurityorcollectpropertyfromhimundersomeotherguise.
Article10
Toestablishanemploymentrelationship,awrittenemploymentcontractshallbeconcluded. Intheeventthatnowrittenemploymentcontractwasconcludedatthetimeofestablishmentofanempl oymentrelationship,awrittenemploymentcontractshallbeconcludedwithinonemonthafterthedate onwhichtheEmployerstartsusingtheEmployee. WhereanEmployerandaEmployeeconcludeanemploymentcontractbeforetheEmployerstartsusin gtheEmployee,theemploymentrelationshipshallbeestablishedonthedateonwhichtheEmployersta rtsusingtheEmployee.
Article11 IntheeventthatanEmployerfailstoconcludeawrittenemploymentcontractwithaEmployeeatthetim eitsstartstousehim,anditisnotclearwhatlaborcompensationwasagreeduponwiththeEmployee,the laborcompensationofthenewEmployeeshallbedecidedpursuanttotheratespecifiedinthecollective contract;wherethereisnocollectivecontractorthecollectivecontractissilentonthematter,equalpays hallbegivenforequalwork.
Article12
Employmentcontractsaredividedintofixed-termemploymentcontracts,open-endedemploymentc ontractsandemploymentcontractstoexpireuponcompletionofacertainjob.
Article13
A“fixed-termemploymentcontract”isanemploymentcontractwhoseendingdateisagreeduponbyth eEmployerandtheEmployee.
AnEmployerandaEmployeemayconcludeafixed-termemploymentcontractuponreachinganegotia tedconsensus.
Article14
An“open-endedemploymentcontract”isanemploymentcontractforwhichtheEmployerandtheEmp loyeehaveagreednottostipulateadefiniteendingdate. AnEmployerandaEmployeemayconcludeanopen-endedemploymentcontractuponreachinganego tiatedconsensus.IfaEmployeeproposesoragreestorenewhisemploymentcontractortoconcludean employmentcontractinanyofthefollowingcircumstances,anopen-endedemploymentcontractshall beconcluded,unlesstheEmployeerequeststheconclusionofafixed-termemploymentcontract:
(1)TheEmployeehasbeenworkingfortheEmployerforaconsecutiveperiodofnotlessthan10years;
(2)whenhisEmployerintroducestheemploymentcontractsystemorthestateownedenterprisethate mployshimre-concludesitsemploymentcontractsasaresultofrestructuring,theEmployeehasbeen workingfortheEmployerforaconsecutiveperiodofnotlessthan10yearsandislessthan10yearsawayf romhislegalretirementage;or
(3)priortotherenewal,afixed-termemploymentcontractwasconcludedontwoconsecutiveoccasion sandtheEmployeeisnotcharacterizedbyanyofthecircumstancessetforthin Article39anditems(1)a nd(2)of Article40hereof. IfanEmployerfailstoconcludeawrittenemploymentcontractwithaEmployeewithinoneyearfromthe dateonwhichitstartsusingtheEmployee,theEmployerandtheEmployeeshallbedeemedtohaveconc ludedanopen-endedemploymentcontract.
Article15
An“employmentcontractwithatermtoexpireuponcompletionofacertainjob”isanemploymentcontr actinwhichtheEmployerandtheEmployeehaveagreedthatthecompletionofacertainjobisthetermof thecontract.
AnEmployerandaEmployeemay,uponreachinganegotiatedconsensus,concludeanemploymentco ntractwithatermtoexpireuponcompletionofacertainjob.
Article16 AnemploymentcontractshallbecomeeffectivewhentheEmployerandtheEmployeehavereachedan egotiatedconsensusthereonandeachofthemhassignedorsealedthetextofsuchcontract. TheEmployerandtheEmployeeshalleachholdonecopyoftheemploymentcontract.
Article17
Anemploymentcontractshallspecifythefollowingmatters:
(1)Thename,domicileandlegalrepresentativeormainpersoninchargeoftheEmployer;
(2)Thename,domicileandnumberoftheresidentIDcardorothervalididentitydocumentoftheEmploy ee;
(3)Thetermoftheemploymentcontract;
(4)Thejobdescriptionandtheplaceofwork;
(5)Workinghours,restandleave;
(6)Laborcompensation;
(7)Socialinsurance;
(8)Laborprotection,workingconditionsandprotectionagainstoccupationalhazards;and
(9)Othermatterswhichlawsandstatutesrequiretobeincludedinemploymentcontracts. Inadditiontotherequisitetermsmentionedabove,anEmployerandaEmployeemayagreetostipulate othermattersintheemploymentcontract,suchasprobationperiod,training,confidentiality,supplem entaryinsuranceandbenefits,etc.
Article18 Ifadisputearisesduetothefactthattherateorstandardsforlaborcompensationorworkingconditions, etc.arenotexplicitlyspecifiedintheemploymentcontract,theEmployerandtheEmployeemayrenego tiate.Ifthenegotiationsareunsuccessful,theprovisionsofthecollectivecontractshallapply.Ifthereis nocollectivecontractorthecollectivecontractissilentontheissueoflaborcompensation,equalpaysha llbegivenforequalwork;ifthereisnocollectivecontractorthecollectivecontractissilentontheissueofw orkingconditions,therelevantregulationsofthestateshallapply.
Article19 Ifanemploymentcontracthasatermofnotlessthanthreemonthsbutlessthanoneyear,theprobationp eriodmaynotexceedonemonth;ifanemploymentcontracthasatermofmorethanoneyearandlesstha nthreeyears,theprobationperiodmaynotexceedtwomonths;andifanemploymentcontracthasater mofnotlessthanthreeyearsorisopen-ended,theprobationperiodmaynotexceedsixmonths. AnEmployermaystipulateonlyoneprobationperiodwithanygivenEmployee. Noprobationperiodmaybespecifiedinanemploymentcontractwithatermtoexpireuponcompletiono facertainjoboranemploymentcontractwithatermoflessthanthreemonths. Theprobationperiodshallbeincludedinthetermoftheemploymentcontract.Ifanemploymentcontra ctprovidesforaprobationperiodonly,thenthereisnoprobationperiodandthetermconcernedshallbet hetermoftheemploymentcontract.
Article20 ThewagesofaEmployeeonprobationmaynotbelessthanthelowestwagelevelforthesamejobwithth eEmployerorlessthan80percentofthewageagreeduponintheemploymentcontract,andmaynotbel essthantheminimumwagerateintheplacewheretheEmployerislocated.
Article21 AnEmployermaynotterminateanemploymentcontractduringtheprobationperiodunlesstheEmploy eeischaracterizedbyanyofthecircumstancessetforthin Article39anditems(1)and(2)of Article40h ereof.IfanEmployerterminatesanemploymentcontractduringtheprobationperiod,itshallexplainth ereasonstotheEmployee.
Article22
IfanEmployerprovidesspecialfundingforaEmployee’strainingandgiveshimprofessionaltechnicaltr aining,itmayconcludeanagreementspecifyingatermofservicewithsuchEmployee. IftheEmployeebreachestheagreementonthetermofservice,heshallpayliquidateddamagestotheE mployerasagreed.Themeasureoftheliquidateddamagesmaynotexceedthetrainingexpensespaidb ytheEmployer.TheliquidateddamagesthattheEmployerrequirestheEmployeetopaymaynotexcee dtheportionofthetrainingexpensesallocabletotheunperformedportionofthetermofservice. ThereachingofagreementonatermofservicebetweentheEmployerandtheEmployeedoesnotaffect theraisingoftheEmployee’slabor compensationduringthetermofserviceaccordingtothenormalwag eadjustmentmechanism.
Article23 AnEmployerandaEmployeemayincludeintheiremploymentcontractprovisionsonconfidentialityma ttersrelatingtomaintainingtheconfidentialityofthetradesecretsoftheEmployerandtointellectualpr operty.
IfaEmployeehasaconfidentialityobligation,theEmployermayagreewiththeEmployeeoncompetitio nrestrictionprovisionsintheemploymentcontractorconfidentialityagreement,andstipulatethatthe EmployershallpayfinancialcompensationtotheEmployeeonamonthlybasisduringthetermoftheco mpetitionrestrictionaftertheterminationorendingoftheemploymentcontract.IftheEmployeebreac hesthecompetitionrestrictionprovisions,heshallpayliquidateddamagestotheEmployerasstipulate d.
Article24
Thepersonnelsubjecttocompetitionrestr ictionsshallbelimitedtotheEmployer’sseniormanagement ,seniortechniciansandotherpersonnelwithaconfidentialityobligation.Thescope,territoryandtermo fthecompetitionrestrictionsshallbeagreeduponbytheEmployerandtheEmployee,andsuchagreem entshallnotviolatelawsandregulations.
Theterm,countedfromtheterminationorendingoftheemploymentcontract,forwhichapersonasme ntionedintheprecedingparagraphissubjecttocompetitionrestrictionsintermsofhisworkingforacom petingEmployerthatproducesthesametypeofproductsorisengagedinthesametypeofbusinessashi scurrentEmployer,orintermsofhisestablishinghisownbusinesstoproducethesametypeofproducts orengageinthesametypeofbusiness,shallnotexceedtwoyears.
Article25
Withtheexceptionofthecircumstancesspecifiedin Article s22and23hereof,anEmployermaynotstip ulatewithaEmployeeprovisionsonthebearingofliquidateddamagesbytheEmployee.
Article26
Anemploymentcontractshallbeinvalidorpartiallyinvalidif:
(1)Apartyusessuchmeansasdeceptionorcoercion,ortakesadvantageoftheotherparty’sdifficulties, tocausetheotherpartytoconcludeanemploymentcontract,ortomakeanamendmentthereto,thatisc ontrarytothatparty’strueintent;
(2)TheEmployerdisclaimsitslegalliabilityordeniestheEmployeehisrights;or
(3)Mandatoryprovisionsoflawsoradministrativestatutesareviolated. Iftheinvalidityorpartialinvalidityoftheemploymentcontractisdisputed,itshallbeconfirmedbyalabor disputearbitrationinstitutionoraPeople’sCourt.
Article27 Ifcertainprovisionsofanemploymentcontractareinvalidandsuchinvaliditydoesnotaffectthevalidity oftheremainingprovisions,theremainingprovisionsshallremainvalid.
Article28 IfanemploymentcontractisconfirmedasinvalidandtheEmployeehasalreadyperformedlabor,theE mployershallpaytheEmployeelaborcompensation.Theamountoflaborcompensationshallbedeter minedwithreferencetothelaborcompensationofEmployeesinthesameorasimilarpositionwiththeE mployer.
CHAPTER3PERFORMANCEANDAMENDMENTOFEMPLOYMENTCONTRACTS
Article29
TheEmployerandtheEmployeeshalleachfullyperformits/hisobligationsinaccordancewiththeempl oymentcontract.
Article30 EmployersshallpaytheirEmployeeslaborcompensationontimeandinfullinaccordancewiththeempl oymentcontractsandstateregulations. IfanEmployerfallsintoarrearswiththepaymentoflaborcompensationorfailstomakepaymentinfull,t heEmployeemay,inaccordancewiththelaw,applytothelocalPeople’s Courtforanordertopay;an dthePeople’sCourtshallissuesuchorderinaccordancewiththelaw. Article31 Employersshallstrictlyimplementtheworkquotastandardsandmaynotcompelorinadisguisedmann ercompelEmployeestoworkovertime.IfanEmployerarrangesforaEmployeetoworkovertime,itshall payhimovertimepayinaccordancewiththerelevantstateregulations.
Article32 Employeesshallnotbeheldinbreachoftheiremploymentcontractsiftheyrefusetoperformdangerous operationsthatareinstructedinviolationofregulationsorperemptorilyorderedbymanagementstaff oftheEmployer.
Employeeshavetherighttocriticize,reporttotheauthoritiesorlodgeaccusationsagainsttheirEmploy ersinrespectofworkingconditionsthatendangertheirlivesorhealth.
Article33
Changessuchachangeinthename,legalrepresentativeormainpersoninchargeof,oran(the)investor (s)in,anEmployershallnotaffecttheperformanceofitsemploymentcontracts.
Article34
IfanEmployerismergedordivided,etc.,itsexistingemploymentcontractsshallremainvalidandcontin uetobeperformedbytheEmployer(s)whichsucceededtoitsrightsandobligations
Article35 AnEmployerandaEmployeemayamendtheprovisionsoftheiremploymentcontractiftheysoagreeaft erconsultations.Amendmentstoanemploymentcontractshallbemadeinwriting. TheEmployerandtheEmployeeshalleachholdonecopyoftheamendedemploymentcontract.
CHAPTER4TERMINATIONANDENDINGOFEMPLOYMENTCONTRACTS
Article36 AnEmployerandaEmployeemayterminatetheiremploymentcontractiftheysoagreeafterconsultati ons.
Article37
AEmployeemayterminatehisemploymentcontractupon30days’priorwrittennoticetohisEmployer. Duringhisprobationperiod,aEmployeemayterminatehisemploymentcontractbygivinghisEmploye rthreedays’priornotice.
Article38 AEmployeemayterminatehisemploymentcontractifhisEmployer:
(1)Failstoprovidethelaborprotectionorworkingconditionsspecifiedintheemploymentcontract;
(2)Failstopaylaborcompensationinfullandontime;
(3)FailstopaythesocialinsurancepremiumsfortheEmployeeinaccordancewiththelaw;
(4)Hasrulesandregulationsthatviolatelawsorregulations,therebyharmingtheEmployee’srightsan dinterests;
(5)causestheemploymentcontracttobeinvalidduetoacircumstancespecifiedinthefirstparagraphof Article26hereof;
(6)GivesrisetoanothercircumstanceinwhichlawsoradministrativestatutespermitaEmployeetoter minatehisemploymentcontract.
IfanEmployerusesviolence,threatsorunlawfulrestrictionofpersonalfreedomtocompelaEmployeet owork,orifaEmployeeisinstructedinviolationofrulesandregulationsorperemptorilyorderedbyhisE mployertoperformdangerousoperationswhichthreatenhispersonalsafety,theEmployeemaytermi natehisemploymentcontractforthwithwithoutgivingpriornoticetotheEmployer.
Article39 AnEmployermayterminateanemploymentcontractiftheEmployee:
(1)Isprovedduringtheprobationperiodnottosatisfytheconditionsforemployment;
(2)MateriallybreachestheEmployer’srulesandregulations;
(3)Commitsseriousderelictionofdutyorpracticesgraft,causingsubstantialdamagetotheEmployer;
(4)hasadditionallyestablishedanemploymentrelationshipwithanotherEmployerwhichmateriallyaf fectsthecompletionofhistaskswiththefirst-mentionedEmployer,orherefusestorectifythematteraft
erthesameisbroughttohisattentionbytheEmployer;
(5)causestheemploymentcontracttobeinvalidduetothecircumstancespecifiedinitem(1)ofthefirst paragraphof Article26hereof;or
(6)Hashiscriminalliabilitypursuedinaccordancewiththelaw.
Article40 AnEmployermayterminateanemploymentcontractbygivingtheEmployeehimself30days’priorwritt ennotice,oron emonth’swageinlieuofnotice,if:
(1)afterthesetperiodofmedicalcareforanillnessornon-work-relatedinjury,theEmployeecanengag eneitherinhisoriginalworknorinotherworkarrangedforhimbyhisEmployer;
(2)TheEmployeeisincompetentandremainsincompetentaftertrainingoradjustmentofhisposition; or
(3)Amajorchangeintheobjectivecircumstancesrelieduponatthetimeofconclusionoftheemployme ntcontractrendersitunperformableand,afterconsultations,theEmployerandEmployeeareunablet oreachagreementonamendingtheemploymentcontract.
Article41 Ifanyofthefollowingcircumstancesmakesitnecessarytoreducetheworkforceby20personsormoreo rbyanumberofpersonsthatislessthan20butaccountsfor10percentormoreofthetotalnumberofthee nterprise’semployees,theEmployermayreducetheworkforceafterithasexplainedthecircumstance stoitsTradeunionortoallofitsemployees30daysinadvance,hasconsideredtheopinionsoftheTradeu nionortheemployeesandhassubsequentlyreportedtheworkforcereductionplantothelaboradminis trationdepartment:
(1)RestructuringpursuanttotheEnterpriseBankruptcyLaw;
(2)Seriousdifficultiesinproductionand/orbusinessoperations;
(3)Theenterpriseswitchesproduction,introducesamajortechnologicalinnovationorrevisesitsbusin essmethod,and,afteramendmentofemploymentcontracts,stillneedstoreduceitsworkforce;or (4)Anothermajorchangeintheobjectiveeconomiccircumstancesrelieduponatthetimeofconclusion oftheemploymentcontracts,renderingthemunperformable. Whenreducingtheworkforce,theEmployershallretainwithprioritypersons:
(1)WhohaveconcludedwiththeEmployerfixed-termemploymentcontractswitharelativelylongter m;
(2)Whohaveconcludedopen-endedemploymentcontractswiththeEmployer;or
(3)Whoaretheonlyonesintheirfamiliestobeemployedandwhosefamilieshaveanelderlypersonora minorforwhomtheyneedtoprovide. IfanEmployerthathasreduceditsworkforcepursuanttothefirstparagraphhereofhiresagainwithinsi xmonths,itshallgivenoticetothepersonsdismissedatthetimeofthereductionand,allthingsbeingequ al,hirethemonapreferentialbasis.
Article42 AnEmployermaynotterminateanemploymentcontractpursuantto Article
40or Article41hereofiftheEmployee:
(1)isengagedinoperationsexposinghimtooccupationaldiseasehazardsandhasnotundergoneapre-departureoccupationalhealthcheck-up,orissuspectedofhavingcontractedanoccupationaldisease andisbeingdiagnosedorundermedicalobservation;
(2)Hasbeenconfirmedashavinglostorpartiallylosthiscapacitytoworkduetoanoccupationaldisease contractedorawork-relatedinjurysustainedwiththeEmployer;
(3)Hascontractedanillnessorsustainedanon-work-relatedinjury,andthesetperiodofmedicalcareth ereforehasnotexpired;
(4)Isafemaleemployeeinherpregnancy,confinementornursingperiod;
(5)HasbeenworkingfortheEmployercontinuouslyfornotlessthan15yearsandislessthan5yearsawa yfromhislegalretirementage;
(6)Findshimselfinothercircumstancesstipulatedinlawsoradministrativestatutes.
Article43 WhenanEmployeristoterminateanemploymentcontractunilaterally,itshallgivetheTradeunionadv ancenoticeofthereasontherefore.IftheEmployerviolateslaws,administrativestatutesortheemploy mentcontract,theTradeunionhastherighttodemandthattheEmployerrectifythematter.TheEmploy ershallstudytheTrad eunion’sopinionsandnotifytheTradeunioninwritingastotheoutcomeofitshand lingofthematter.
Article44
Anemploymentcontractshallendif:
(1)Itstermexpires;
(2)TheEmployeehascommenceddrawinghisbasicoldageinsurancepensioninaccordancewiththela