主动语态与被动语态补充材料一. 概念: 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
二. 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。
三. 被动语态的时态：以为work 例1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked4. 过去将来时: should / would+ worked5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked12. 情态动词(can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词四. 用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
五. 方法：Many people speak English.(主动语态)English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）六. 注意以下问题：A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for .用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc. 用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc. eg.1. Mary gave him some books.He was given some books by Mary.Some books were given to him by Mary.2. Her father bought her a new bike.She was bought a new bike by her father.A new bike was bought for her by her father.B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。
eg. 1. We call him Gina.He is called Gina (by us).2. They made me happy.I was made happy( by them).3. He asked me to come here.I was asked to come here (by him)C. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。
eg.1. We saw them play football just now.They were seen to play football just now.2. We often hear her sing in English.She is often heard to sing in English.D.在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。
eg.1. People often talk about that film.That film is often talked about.2. We should speak to the old people politely.The old people should be spoken to politely.E. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例如:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.F. need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done . All the computers need repairing .= All the computers need _____ _____ _____ .被动语态专项练习一、选择题( ) 1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?A. Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Does; buildD. Did ; build( ) 2. An accident ____ on this road last week.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened( ) 3.Cotton（棉花）____ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow( ) 4. So far, the moon ____ by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited( ) 5. A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives( ) 6.How many trees ____ this year?A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been plantedD. planted( ) 7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done( ) 8. --When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used( ) 9. The Great Wall ____ all over the world.A. knowsB. knewC. is knownD. was known( ) 10.Who _____ this book _____?A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; writtenD. was; written( ) 11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.A. was told usB. was told to usC. is told usD. told us( ) 12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump( ) 13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.A. putsB. can be putC. can be puttedD. can put( ) 14.Older people ____ well.A. looks afterB. must be looked afterC. must look afterD. looked after( ) 15.Our teacher ______ carefully.A. should be listened toB. should be listenC. be listenedD. is listened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
(请注意时态和语态两个方面)二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.will be built2. is being discussed3. is spoken4. hasn’t been found5. werecut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9.are made , are m ade 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. hasbeen 16. smells 17 is dancing1. It's said(据说) that the long bridge_____________（build）in two months．3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．st year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must sen) to the hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city?16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone __________(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。