小学最全英语语法汇总一、1.一般在(1)表示常生的作或事情,通常用“usually 通常 , often 常常 , every ⋯每⋯ , sometimes 有, always 是 , ”等。
(2)基本构:I / You / We / He / She / ItThey肯定句原形第三人称数形式否定句don’t +原doesn’t +原一般疑(Yes/No)句 Do⋯do.Yes, I Does ⋯ ( 原形 No,shedoesn ’t.)⋯特殊疑句What do ⋯How does she ⋯ (原形) ⋯(3)第三人称数形式(同名数成复数方法相同)1一般情况+s如:walk-walks2. 辅音字母 +y 结尾去y +ies f ly-flies3. 结尾是 s, x,sh, ch+es watch-watches4.do-does,have-has,特殊的go-goes2.现在进行时 ,(1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“ now现在 , look 看, linsen 听” .(2)基本形式: be + 动词 ing eg:I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.What are you doingIs he reading(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词 +ing )一般情况+ing walk —walking结尾是不发音的 e -e+ come—cominging重音双写最 run-running后一个swim-swimming字母+ing3.一般去(1)表示去已生的事情, 通常用“last⋯上一个⋯ , just now才, a moment ago才,yesterday昨天”等。
(2) be 的去式 : am/is —was are —were(3)去式基本构肯定(Positive 句去式)I went shoppingnight.last否定(Negative)句 Didn’t + 原形I didn ’tlast night.go shopping一般疑句Did (Yes/No)形⋯⋯+原 Did you goshopping last night特殊疑句What did⋯ +What did you do last(wh-)原形⋯night(4)去式的化:的化:一般+ed planted,watered,climbed以不音的 e 尾+d liked音字母加 y 尾-y+ ied study — studied, cry-cried重音,末尾双写最 stop –stopped只有一个音字母后一个plan - planned 字母 +ed不的化:去原形原形去式原形去式原形去式式sweep swept t each taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say saidfeel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speakspoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell toldgrow grew learn learned/get got know knew learnt4.一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。
常常与 tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。
结构: be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形例如: I ’m going to visit my grandpa next week.二、人称代词主格I we you he she it they 宾格me us you him her it them形容词性物 my our your his her its their 主代词名词性物主 mine ours your his hers its theri代词s s(注:介词,动词后面跟宾格。
后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。
)三、可数名词的复数形式1. 一般名词: + s a book–books2. 辅音字母加 y 结尾: - y+ ies a story—stories3. 以 s, x,sh, ch ,结尾: + es a glass —glasses ;a watch-watches4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾: - f或 fe变为 ves a knife–knives a shelf-shelves5.特殊的名词复数man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese四、不可数名词 ( 没有复数形式 )bread, rice, water, juice,milk,tea,coffee五、缩略形式I ’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’ s = he is /he has(got)it ’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not t=is not didn ’t=did not weren’t=were not t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I willisn ’wasn’六、 a. an .the的用法1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音: a book, a peach, a “U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音: an egg, an hour , an “F”要注意的:球类前面不加 the ,乐器前面要加 the ,序数词前面要加 the 。
七、介词1.表示方位: on, in ,in front of, between, nextto, near, beside, at, behind.,under2.表示时间:(1)at :几点前面用at如: at six o’clock,没有 day 的节日前用at如:at Christmas,固定词组at the weekends,at night(2)on: 星期前用 on 如:on Monday ,日期前用 on 如:on the 15th of July带有Day的节日前用on如:on National Day(3)in: 早晨,中午,晚上前用 in :in the morning ,in the afternoon,in the evening,月份前用in,如in December ,季节前用 in ,如 winter八、基数词变成序数词的方法1.直接在基数词词尾加上 th 。
如: seventh 第七,tenth 第十, thirteenth 第十三, 2. 以 y 结尾的基数词,变 y 为 i ,再加上 eth 。
如:twentieth 第二十。
3. 不规则的。
如:first第一 , second第二,third第三,fifth第五,eighth第八,ninth第九,twelfth第十二。
4.有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如 twenty-first第二十一。
九、 some /any 的用法1.肯定句中用 some:I have sometoys in my bedroom.2.句和否定句中用 ang:Do you have any brothers or sistersHe hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.3.想要什么用 some: Would you like some juiceCan I have some stamps十、 there be构1. 肯定句(有⋯): There is +数或不可数名There are + 复数注:遵循就近原,看靠there be最近的2. 一般疑句(有⋯):Is there⋯Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.Are there ⋯ Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.3. 否定句(没有): There isn’t⋯. There aren’t⋯.be 句型与 have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
十一、祈使句Sit down pleaseDon’t sit down, please.Let ’s go to the park.(注:祈使句中动词用原形)十二、 ( 情态 ) 动词 can, may, must, should, will后面直接用动词原形。
1.I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in Imust go now.2.You should be quiet in the library.3.You ’ll be good friends.十三、形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词 than 。
比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。
2.形容词加 er 的规则:⑴一般在词尾加er ;⑵以字母 e 结尾,加 r ;⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;⑷以“辅音字母 +y”结尾,先把 y 变 i ,再加 er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别( 有 be 用形,有形用 be;有动用副,有副用动 )⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be 动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同( 不规则变化: well-better, far-farther)十四、特殊疑问句What What are you doing I ’m reading.( 问什么事 , What is that It ’s a book.什么物或什What is she(What’ She’s a nurse.么工作 )s her job)What What colour is your It ’s red. colour(问颜 coat色)What time What time is it It ’s seven.(时间)What’s the timewhen When do you get up I get up at sixthirty.( 什么时候 )When is your It ’s on the 21stbirthday of December. Which(哪一 Which is your watch, The yellow is 个)the yellow one or mine.the white oneWho(谁) Who is the man with He’s my uncle.a big noseWhose(谁的)Whose bag is it It ’s his bag.Whose is this bagWhere(哪里)Where is my ball penI t ’ s under thebook. Why(什么)Why do you like I like summersummer because⋯How manyHow many books (多少)there in the schoolbag are There arebooks inschool bag.fourtheHowold (几 How old is the young He’s nineteen.)manHowmuch(多 How much is the toy 少)bear It’yuan.s elevenHow )(怎么 How do you goschool everydayto I go tocar.school by 一、名复数的化名复数的化构成法例A. 在一般情况下,尾book – books bed加-s-- bedsbus–buses box--boxesB. 以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的词,词尾加 -es dish–dishes watch--watchesC. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,knife -- knives先将 f 或 fe 改成 v,再wife -- wives加-esD. 以 o 结尾的单词,有 tomato -- tomatoes生命的物质加-es,无生photo -- photos命的物质加 -sfamily–E. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾,city --families先 y 将改 i ,再加上 -escities二、现在进行时构成现在进行时构成( ing 形式)构成法例词work–A. 一般加 -ing working study--studyinglive–B. 以 e 结尾的词去 e 后writeliving加-ing-- writingC. 动词为单音节:以单stop -- stopping 一元音字母+单一辅音字run -- running母结尾,辅音字母双写,再加ing;动词为双音节 swim -- swimming 或者多音节:最后一个音 begin -- beginning节为重读音节,以单一元音字母 +单一辅音字母结尾,辅音字母双写,再加ing一般现在时(单三形式)三、一般现在时构成法例词A. 一般动词在词尾加 -shelp–helps make--makesfix –fixes teach B.以 s, x , ch,sh,结–teaches尾的动词在词尾加 -eswash -- washesC. 以 o 结尾的动词在词 go –goes do --尾加 -es doesfly -- fliesD. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,先 y 变为 i ,再study–studies carry --加-escarriesE. 不规则变化have -- has四、一般过去时一般过去时(-ed形式)构成法例词A.一般动词在词尾加 cook -- cooked-ed play -- played B.以e结尾的动词在词 live -- lived尾加 -dC. 以辅音字母加y 结尾 fly -- flied的动词,先y变为i,再study -- studied加-edD. 末尾只有一个辅音字stop -- stopped 母的重读闭音节词,双写plan -- planned 该辅音字母加 -edswim -- swam E.不规则变化have -- hadam -- wasF. be 动词变化is -- wasare -- were 五、形容词比较级形容词比较级( er 形式)构成法例词A.一般直接加 -er long -- longerB.如果以-e结尾,直接 nice -- nicer加-rC.闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母须双写这个 big -- bigger字母,再加 -erD. 以辅音字母加 -y结尾heavy -- heavier的词,变 y 为 i ,再加 -er小学阶段没有强调比较级的不规则变化一、一般疑问句1. --- Did you read books你读书了吗---Yes, I did. 是的,我读过了。