许国璋电视英语教学第一册《第十九课》（一）课文：1)课文：NIGHTINGALEFlorence Nightingale came from a rich family and was very pretty. In her family, young girls usually spent their time going to parties until they married rich youngmen. But Florence found parties boring; she wanted to be a nurse. Finally, in 1850,when she was 30, her parents accepted her decision. So she went to study in ahospital in Germany. Then she was in charge of a nursing-home for women inLondon. Soon she was asked to go to the Crimea to take charge of the woundedsoldiers.The conditions in the Crimea hospital were terrible. Forty per cent of the patients died. Certain beds seemed fatal: soldiers died in them after two days.Nightingale decided that this was because of bad drains, and insisted that thegovernment do something about it. Workmen put in a proper drainage system andsupplied pure drinking water. The death rate dropped to two percent. On her returnto England people greeted Florence Nightingale as a heroine. She was an importantforce in the movement to reform hospitals and nursing in England. By 1900 unsafehospitals and ignorant nurses were things of the past.2)译文：南丁格尔弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔出身于一个富裕的家庭，非常漂亮。
在她的家庭里，年轻女孩通常把时间花在聚会上，直到他们嫁给有钱的年轻人。
但是佛罗伦萨发现派对很无聊，她想成为一名护士。
最后，在1850，当她30岁时，她的父母接受了她的决定。
于是她去了德国的一家医院学习。
然后她负责伦敦的一家妇女疗养院。
很快，她被要求去克里米亚接管伤员。
克里米亚医院的条件非常糟糕。
百分之四十的病人在医院里死去。
有些床位似乎是致命的：士兵在床上呆两天就死去。
南丁格尔认为这是由于恶劣的排污状况引起的。
她主张政府要设法改变这种状况。
工人安装了合适的排水装置，提供纯净的饮用水。
死亡率下降到百分之二。
当她返回英国时，人们把弗罗伦斯•南丁格尔作为女英雄来欢迎。
她是英国医院改革及护理运动中一个重要的推动力。
到1900年，不保险的医院与无知的护士都不存在了。
3)旧课文：STUDY AS LENIN STUDIEDYesterday we went to an exhibition on the life and word of Lenin, the great revolutionary leader of the working class. There we saw pictures of Lenin’s early life. They were very inspiring and taught us a lot.Lenin was born on April 22, 1870, in the town of Simbirsk. After he finished school there, he went to the University of Kaman. There he was a leader of the student movement and took an active part in revolutionary work.Lenin lived simply and studied hard. He was the best student in his class, and was always ready to help his friends with their lessons. Lenin worked very hard at foreign languages, because he knew they were a useful weapon in revolutionary struggle. He read a great deal, and made full notes while he read.He planned his work carefully, and never left today’s work for tomorrow.Lenin learned not only from books. He talked with workers and peasants and learned a great deal from the. He was always close to the people, and the people loved him.Lenin set an example to all of us. Let us study as Lenin studied.4)译文：昨天我们去了一个关于工人阶级伟大革命领袖列宁的生活和话语的展览。
在那里我们看到了列宁早期生活的照片。
他们非常鼓舞人心，教会了我们很多东西。
列宁出生于1870年4月22日，在Simbirsk镇。
他在那里完成学业后，就去了卡曼大学。
在那里，他是学生运动的领袖，积极参加革命工作。
列宁生活简朴，学习努力。
他是班上最好的学生，随时准备帮助他的朋友们上课。
列宁努力学习外语，因为他知道他们是革命斗争的有用武器。
他读了很多书，边读书边做笔记。
他仔细地计划工作，从不把今天的工作留到明天去做。
列宁不仅从书本中学到东西。
他和工农谈话，从中学到很多东西。
他总是贴近人民，人民爱他。
列宁为我们树立了榜样。
让我们像列宁学习一样学习。
（二）DIALGUE：(对话)1）原文：AFTER THE TEST-How did you do in yesterday’s test?-Not very well, I’m afraid. I made a mistake in grammar and two spelling mistakes.I wasn’t careful enough.-We all make mistakes. But we can learn from our mistakes, can’t we?-How did you do? Did you get everything right?-I didn’t make any mistakes, but my handwriting was poor. My teacher told me to pay more attention to that.2）译文：测验之后—昨天的测验你做得怎么样？—恐怕不是很好。
我语法上错了一处，还错了两处拼写。
我不够细心。
—我们都会犯错的。
但从错误中能吸取教训，是不是？—你做得怎么样？都做对了吗？—我一个错都没有出，但是字写得太差了。
老师让我多注意书写。
（三）读音练习：1.朗读下列语音练习，注意[ɔ:] [əu] [w] [v][ɔ:] portrait, more, your, walk, all, August, important, before, fourth, talk, wall,daughter[ əu] those, told, show, soap, October, only, close, clod, know, coat, socialist, over,[w] winter, window, always, well, work, week, twelve[v] very, every, seven, review, live, five, evening2.快读下列词组和句子：（1）注意[ɔ:] [əu]Tomorrow morning, four weeks ago, go for a walk, on the fourth floor,better than before, born in August, open the window, close the door, I don’tknow.（2）注意[w] [v]Very well, every evening, every week, twelve weeks, went away, work veryhard, seven workers3.朗读下列动词，注出-ed读音：[d] Lived, planned, showed, played,[t] helped, stopped, asked, looked[id] Wanted, shouted, decided, handed4.朗读下段课文：Lenin lived simply and studied hard. He was the best student in his class, and was always ready to help his friends with their lessons. Lenin worked very hard atforeign languages, because he knew they were a useful weapon in revolutionarystruggle. He read a great deal, and made full notes while he read. He planned hiswork carefully, and never left today’s work for tomorrow.5.读音规则（四）Grammar:语法一般过去时1.过去发生的事情或情况，刚刚过去的也用一般过去时，一般为动词原形+ed.1)直接+edWanted, accepted, insisted, seemed, greeted2)以e 结尾的词只需+dDied, decided,3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y 为I 再加ed.Marred, supplied,4)以重读闭音节结尾，且未尾只有一个辅音字母的词，先将这字母双写，再加ed.Dropped,5)不规则动词：Come – came, spend – spent, find – found , go- went, put – put ,2.已学过的不规则动词：（五）EXERCISES:（练习）1)回答问题：(A)新课文1.Does Florence Nightingale come from England or German?She came from England.2.What was her family like？Her family was rich.3.How did young girls from rich family usually spent their time?They usually spent their time going to parties.4.What did Nightingale think of those parties?She found the parties boring.5.What did she do when she was 30?She went to study in hospital in Germany.6.What was she in charge of after she came back from Germany?She was in charge of a nursing-home for women.7.What did she go still after that?She went to the Crimea to take charge of the wounded soldiers.8.What were the conditions like in the Crimea hospital?The conditions were terrible.9.What was the reason for the high death rate?It was because of the bed drains.10.What did Nightingale insist ?She insisted the government do something about the bad conditions.11.What happen after that?Workmen put in a proper drainage system and supplied pure drinking water. 12.What did the death rate dropped to?It dropped to two per cent.13.How did the England people greet Florence Nightingale?They greeted her as a heroine.14.What kind of the movement did she play an important the role in?She played an important role in the movement to reform hospitals and nursing in England.（B）旧课文15.The students went to see an exhibition , didn’t they? What was the exhibitionabout？Yes, they did. The exhibition on the life and word of Lenin.16.When was Lenin born? Where was he born?Lenin was born in April 22, 1870, in the town of Simbisk.17.What did he do after he finished school?After he finished school, he went to the University of Kaman.18.He took an active part in revolutionary work, didn’t he?Yes, he did.19.What part did he play in the student movement?He was a leader of the student movement.20.How did he study? Did he work hard at foreign languages? Why did he do so?He studied hard. He was the best student in his class.Yes, he did.Because he knew they were a useful weapon in revolutionary struggle.21.He read a great deal, didn’t he? What did he do while he read?Yes , he did. When he read the books, he made full notes.22.Did he learn only from books?No, he didn’t.23.How did he learn from the people? The people loved him deeply, didn’t they?He talked with workers and peasants and learned a great deal from them.Yes, they did.24.What else do you know about Lenin?He was a great man. He founded the first socialist regime in the word.（c）对话问答：25.Did you have a test yesterday?Yes, we did.26.How did you do in the test?Not very well.27.Did you make any mistakes? What mistakes did you make?Yes , I did. I made a mistake in grammar and two spelling mistakes.28.Are you very carful with your grammar? Did you often make mistake in yourwritten work?No, I am not.Sometimes.29.How did the other comrades do in the test?He did very well in the test.30.Did anyone get everything right? Why could he do so well?Yes, someone did. I think he is very carefully.31.We must always be very careful in our oral and written exercises, don’t youthink?Yes, I do.2)写出下列动词的第三人称单数和现然分词：3)翻译词组：.4)用所给词汇仿照例子谈话：-Did you go to town yesterday?-No, I didn’t. I didn’t go to town yesterday. I went there the day before yesterday.1)Did you go to the park by bus?No, I didn’t. I didn’t go to the park by bus. I went there by bicycle.2)Did you see her in the reading-room?No, I didn’t , I saw her in the dinner-room.3)Did you get the book from Comrade Li?No, I didn’t. I didn’t get the book form Comrade LI. I got the book from Lily.4)Did you be born in 1938?No, I didn’t. I didn’t be born in 1938. I were born in 1838.5)用所给词汇补足下面的问句，并作出回答：1.When did you …… ?1)Begin to learn EnglishWhen did you begin to learn English?I began to learn English when I was in University.2)Have the basketball matchWhen did you have the basketball match?We had the basketball match yesterday afternoon.2.Where did he(she ,etc.)….?1)Take the pictureWhere did he take the picture?He took the picture in his bedroom.2)Write that letterWhere did she write that letter?She wrote that letter in her hometown.3.What did she (they, etc.) …?1)Do during the last two periodsWhat did they do during the last two periods?They did sports’ exam.2)Tell youWhat did she tell you ?She told me you are a fuck.4.Where were you (was Comrade Liu) …?1)Last nightWhere were you last night?I played basketball all night.2) A moment agoWhere was he a moment ago?He went home a moment ago.3)Last yearWhere were you last year?I were in hometown.4)In 1949Where were you in 1949?I were not born yet.5)At that timeWhere were you at that time?I were at school.6)BornWhere were you born?I were born in Guangzhou.wer6)用所给动词的适当时态填空：st Sunday I got ( get) up very early. After we had (have) our breakfast. Jack and Iwent (go ) to the Summer Palace. We got(get) there at about nine. The weather was (be) lovely. It was (be) sunny and warm. There were (be ) a great number of people in the park. We took (take) a walk along the lake, then went(go) to see an exhibition in one of the buildings. We looked .(look) at the flowers and watched ( watch) the children play. We had (have) a good time. It was(be) nearly threeo’clock when we got (get) back to school. Then we took (take) a shower and had (have) a rest . in the evening, we saw (see) a film about Florence Nightingale.We enjoyed (enjoy) it very much.2.We will go (go) to work in a village in Daxing County next month and help (help) thepeasants with the harvesting. We will live (live) in the peasants’ homes, and work (work) with them in the fields. In the evening we will help (help) them to learn to read and write. We will work (work) there for three weeks. I am (be) sure we will learn (learn) a great deal there.7)中译英：（a）1.他积极参加革命活动，是当时工人运动的领导人之一。