_w_h_i_c_h_h__a_s_d_e_v_e_lo__p_e_d____ .
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。 3） Have you noticed the bridge being built there?
= Have you noticed the bridge
_w_h_i_c_h_i_s_b_e_i_n_g_b__u_il_t_____ there? 注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的 动作正在进行。
3. polluted water 3. water that is polluted
4. a crowded room 4. a room that is crowded
5. a pleased winner 5. a winner who is pleased
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Past Participle
Past Participle
written exercises 书面练习
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少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过
去分词只有完成的意义
fallen leaves
落叶
the risen sun
升起来的太阳
the advanced countries 发达国家
drunken man
一个醉鬼
a returned student
一名留学生
a retired teacher
一名退休教师
an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯
by-gone days
过去的岁月
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2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完 成意义。
e.g.：How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!
我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊 I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth． 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。 e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular． 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
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二、过去分词作表语 1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处
的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种 形式。 e.g. ： Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．
听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。
3. a closed door
4. the audience who feel tired 4. the tired audience
5. an animal that is trapped 5. a trapped animal
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Grammar
一、过去分词作定语
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成 的意义，常作前置定语。
We’11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
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Practice: Change the following Past Participle into clauses.
1） He told us of the great wrong done to him.
• •
穿破的鞋子 一台损坏了的计算机
worn—out
shoes
a damaged computer
结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去
分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分
词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。 1
Complete the table with phrases
that have the same meaning.
Past Participle
Past Participle
as the Attribute
as the predicative
1. terrified people 1. people who are terrified
Байду номын сангаас
2. reserved seats 2. seats which are reserved
eg：a lost animal 一只迷路的动物 a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一个受伤的手指 a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币 a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spoken English 英语口语
= He told us of the great wrong ____w_h_i_ch__h_a_d_b_e_e_n_d_o_n_e________ to him.
注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被 动又表完成。
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2） The United States is a developed country. = The United Stated is a country
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练习一 单句改错
Translate the following phrases, and try to find out what the items relate to.
• 一片碎玻璃
a broken piece of glass
• 开水
boiled water
• 一枚用过的邮票
a used stamp
• 一箱埋起来的硬币 a buried box of coins
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2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与 被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或 所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是 动词所表示动作的承受者。
e.g.：This shop is now closed． 这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态) This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday． 这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）
as the Predicative
as the Attribute
1. children who
1. astonished children
look astonished
2. a vase that is broken 2. a broken vase
3. a door that is closed