话题语言应用——多元文化的美国编稿：牛新阁审稿：王春霞语言积累交际用语1．鼓励别人说话Cool．太好了！Good．好！Really/ Indeed? 真的吗？/哦？真的？Yes，that’s right．对。
Lucky you! 你真幸运！Mmm，sounds interesting．嗯，有意思。
That surprises me．真让我吃惊。
That me．没让我吃惊。
Such as? 例如？Give an example．举个例子。
Is that so? 是那样吗？Oh I see．噢，我明白了。
Sounds great! 听起来不错呀！Ah ha! 啊哈！Gosh，George! 哎呀，乔治！And what about...? ......怎么样呢？注意：1. sound 在此处是系动词，表示“听起来”，后接形容词作表语。
2. 动词surprise意思是“使（某人）吃惊”，surprising表示“令人惊讶的”，表示事物的性质和特点；surprised表示“感到惊讶的”，表示人的感觉。
3. what about也可用how about，接动词时要用动词-ing形式。
2．方向和位置on the east / west coast 在东/西海岸to the north / south of USA 在美国以北/南along the northwest coast of 沿西北海岸from the west to the east coast 从西海岸到东海岸in southern China 在中国南部in San Francisco Bay 在圣弗朗西斯科湾in southeastern part of California 在加利福尼亚东南部around the state of California 环加利福尼亚州near the beach / coast 海滨附近in the central part 在中心区go further southeast 深入东南部in South America 在南美洲on the Mississippi River 在密西西比河上not far from the Gulf of Mexico 离墨西哥湾不远话题语句（1）1．美国地理概况Ocean on the east/ west coast：Atlantic Ocean/ Pacific Ocean 东/西海岸：大西洋/太平洋Country to the north/ south of USA：Canada/ Mexico 美国以北/南：加拿大/墨西哥Mountains range in the west：Rocky Mountains 西部山脉：落基山脉Great Lakes: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario五大湖：苏必利尔湖、密歇根湖、休伦湖、伊利湖和安大略湖Longest river in the USA:Mississippi River 美国最长的河流：密西西比河2. Important cities 重要城市New York (Big Apple) 纽约Los Angeles 洛杉矶San Francisco 旧金山Chicago 芝加哥New Orleans 新奥尔良 Boston 波士顿Washington D.C.（capital of the USA）华盛顿特区（美国首都）3. Nicknames for some of 50 states of the USA美国部分州郡的别名加利福尼亚(California): 黄金州(Golden State)阿拉斯加(Alaska): 午夜出太阳之乡(Land of Midnight Sun)；最后的边疆(the Last Frontier)；半岛州(Peninsula State)宾夕法尼亚(Pennsylvania): 基石州(Keystone State)得克萨斯(Texas): 孤星州(Lone Star State)佛罗里达(Florida): 阳光州(Sunshine State)弗吉尼亚(Virginia): 总统的母亲(Mother of Presidents)；骑兵州(Cavalier State)；华盛顿(Washington): 奇努克州(Chinook State)；常青州(Evergreen State)肯塔基(Kentucky): 六月禾州(Bluegrass State)密苏里(Missouri): 别哄我州(Show-Me State)密执安(Michigan): 貂熊州(Wolverine State)纽约(New York): 帝国州(Empire State)夏威夷(Hawaii): 太平洋上的天堂(Paradise of Pacific)；阿洛哈州(Aloha State)新泽西(New Jersey): 花园州(Garden State)话题语句（2）1. About California加州简介Lying on the Pacific Ocean, California is on the west coast of the United States, which is diverse in topography(地形), climate and ecological environment. It has an area of 411 square kilometers, and it is one of the US states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. Meanwhile, its pleasant weather, long beaches, and graceful natural landscape make the tourism prosperous (繁荣的). Its capital Los Angeles is California’s largest and the nation’s second largest city.要点提示：lie (lying) 位于diverse 多种多样的ecological 生态的graceful 优美的landscape 风景2. Immigrants移民Native Americans 美洲土著人 Indians 印第安人t he Spanish 西班牙人Russians 俄罗斯人gold miners 金矿工 Italians 意大利人the Danish丹麦人（Denmark丹麦）Jewish 犹太人Cambodians 柬埔寨人Koreans 韩国/朝鲜人（Korea 韩国，朝鲜）Vietnamese 越南人Pakistanis 巴基斯坦人Europeans 欧洲人1) Native American Indians — one of the first people to live in California.2) Gold miners — the discovery of gold in California created a gold rush which brought people from all over the world to California.3) Chinatown, San Francisco — Many Chinese have settled in California and many of them li vein Chinatown in San Francisco.3. Why is California such a multicultural community?The state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrating to the state for the last 200 years. Before their arrival, Native American people had lived there for thousands of years. People from all over the world are still coming to settle in California because of its good climate and the lifestyle it offers. It is this mix of peoples with their own customs, culture and food that have given California its multicultural flavor (特色). Problems that might arise include intercultural conflict or competition, discrimination or misunderstanding. It is to the credit of Californians that such problems do not arise very often.要点提示：intercultural conflict 不同文化间的冲突discrimination 歧视to the credit 值得赞扬，为某人增光4. About travellinggo straight to hotel and drop luggage, then go exploring径直去了旅馆，放下行李，然后去观光ride on a cable car 坐缆车visit Fisherman’s Wharf/ the prison 游览渔人码头/监狱team up with a couple from hotel and hire a car同旅馆里的一对夫妻作伴，一起租了一辆小汽车spend all day driving around the city 一整天驱车游览城市take ferry to Angel Island 坐渡船去了天使岛have a good view of Golden Gate Bridge 观赏了金门大桥admire the view of the city from different angles 从不同角度欣赏城市风景have a really good idea of what the city’s like 对城市的面貌有了一个好的了解share the cost 分担费用enjoy being in the company of other tourists 喜欢别的游客的陪伴话题语句（3）【高清课堂：Living well 语言应用】A Brief History of U.S. ImmigrationThe United States was created by successive (连续的) waves of immigration from all corners of the globe. But public and political attitudes towards immigrants have always been contradictory and sometimes hostile（敌对的）. T he early immigrants to colonial（殖民地的）America—from England, France, Germany, and other countries in northwestern Europe—came in search of economic opportunity and political freedom, yet they often relied upon the labor of African slaves working the land taken from Native Americans. ①The descendants (后代) of these first European immigrants sometimes viewed as “racially” and religiously suspect the European immigrants who came to the United States in the late 1800s from Italy, Poland, Russia, and elsewhere in southeastern Europe. The descendants of these immigrants, in turn, have often taken a dim view of (对……不以为然) the growing numbers of Latin American, Asian, and African immigrants who began to arrive in the second half of the 20th century.要点提示：contradictory矛盾的（contradict 反驳，与......抵触）in search of 寻找view... as 认为......是suspect adj. 令人怀疑的Poland 波兰in turn 轮流地，转而句①的谓语动词是viewed，宾语是the European immigrants who...Today, Just about every family in the United States has at least one member,now or in the past, who came from another country. Even American Indians may have immigrant ancestors through marriage.The United States is one of the few industrial countries with a growing population. The main reason is immigration.Today America has just over three hundred million people. A new report says if current growth rates continue, the nation will have four hundred thirty-eight million in two thousand fifty. Now immigrants are moving beyond big states like California, Texas or New York. They are settling all across the country, in big cities as well as small towns. These new residents are bringing cultural changes to many areas. Some of these changes are welcome, others are not.American immigration history presents a pattern of history repeating itself. Hard times or conflict in other countries lead people to seek a better life in America. When groups of Americans begin to feel threatened, the federal government moves to restrict immigration.要点提示：ancestors祖先current growth rate 现在的增长率two thousand fifty 2050年resident 定居的；居民beyond 超出threaten 威胁restrict 限制Chinese Exclusion Act 排华法案The first restrictive immigration laws were directed against Asian countries. The first law was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This law essentially prohibited the immigration of Chinese citizens and it stayed in effect until it was removed during World War II.In 1907, Japanese immigration was substantially (大体上) reduced through a Gentlemen’s Agreement between Japan and the United States. It is noteworthy (值得注意的) that the Chinese Exclusion Act also prohibited the immigration of “convicts(罪犯), lunatics (疯子), idiots”and those individuals who might need to be supported by government assistance.要点提示：prohibit 禁止citizen 公民，国民in effect 在实施中，有效■话题语句（4）有用的句子----- 试试你会了吗？1. 如果你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。