从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异[Abstract] Due to different cultures, English and Chinese people have formed their own modes of t hought, which influence their living ways greatly, especially their own languages. Mode of thoug ht is a very complicated abstract conception connected closely to philosophy. In this paper I will mainly concern on English individualism and Chinese entirety, because their difference is the most distinct one existing in modes of thought. English people prefer individualism, which leads them to subordinate the recognized objects into small parts. While Chinese people like entirety, they pr efer to take the world as a whole. Thinking patterns have been clearly reflected on languages, as a result of which English is hypotactic and Chinese is paratactic. This paper centers on the differen ces of hypotactic and paratactic characteristics in languages and their forming reasons—modes of thought. English people prefers to make good use of the hypotactic markers to link the sentence c omponents, while Chinese usually try to understand the world by their own intuition. In this paper the differences are explained through English-Chinese translation and the statistics are also given to prove them.[Key Words] comparison; mode of thought; languages; English; Chinese[摘要] 根源于不同的文化渊源,英汉两族人民形成了他们各自的思维模式。
这种思维模式的差异深深地影响了他们的各种生活方式, 尤其体现在语言上。
思维模式是一个非常复杂抽象的概念,与哲学密切相关。
在这篇论文中我将主要阐释英民族的个体性思维和汉民族的整体性思维,因为它们之间的差异是思维模式中最突出的一面。
英民族偏爱个体性思维,这使他们在认识世界时惯于将认知对象划分为小个体。
然而,汉民族偏爱整体性思维,将世界看成一个整体。
语言深刻地反映了思维模式的这种差异,因此就形成了英语的形合特征和汉语的意合特征。
这篇论文侧重阐述语言中的形合和意合特征以及它们各种的形成原因----思维模式。
英语民族的人民惯于利用形合标志连接句子成分,而汉民族却常常应用自身的直觉来体会世界。
这篇论文将通过英译汉的翻译和统计数据来证实此观点。
[关键词] 英汉思维;对比;语言;英语;汉语1. IntroductionThe famous Whorf hypothesis thinks that languages have determining effects on modes of thought , which is formed relatively to languages and different languages will bring on different thinking p atterns.[1]p35 Liu Miqing(刘宓庆) holds the opinion that modes of thought has controlled over languages [2]p35, and languages a re the concrete manifestation of modes of thought. In my opinion, modes of thought decide the us e of languages, and the reasons how languages are influenced by modes of thought should be exa mined from their relationship.Modes of thought and languages influence and reflect each other closely. “Thinking patterns, thou ght characteristics and thinking styles are the philosophical mechanism of language production. L anguage actually attaches closely to the thought that is the profound mechanism.”[3] p166 Thinki ng patterns are the deep-rooted mechanism of the forming and developing of languages, and on th e other hand languages help to promote the forming and developing of modes of thought. Langua ge is the carrier of thinking and abstraction of reality, and mode of thought is the conscious activit y in which people’s minds reflect and realize the objective reality.[4]p36 The differences between thinking patterns are the main reasons that result in the differences of language forms, so I think th e study of the features, the transition and the relationship of languages should be started with the st udy of modes of thought which connect closely with the cultures and the languages. English-Chinese modes of thought have their own characteristics in thinking core, thinking pattern, cognition h abits and thinking principles. As a tool for communication the basic attribute of English and Chin ese are the same, so there are many similarities during the description and thinking with the two la nguages. But because of the influence of their own cultures, there are many differences between t he two languages, and based on different comparison foundation there are many different kinds of results.In this paper English-Chinese translation will be given and analyzed in details in order to understa nd the differences of the modes of thought between English and Chinese through their language m anifestations. Statistics will be given to explain the differences of English and Chinese, which is t he foundation for my analyzing of the differences of their own thinking patterns. As we know, the re are many differences between the two languages, such as hypotaxis and parataxis, passive and a ctive, static and dynamic, imperson and person. But in this passage, I will only mainly discuss fro m one point which is hypotaxis and parataxis. As Nida states in his book that study from linguisti cs, the most important different characteristic between Chinese and English is the difference of par ataxis and hypotaxis.[5]P13 LiuMiqing holds the opinion that hypotaxis and parataxis are the “uni que characteristic” for English and Chinese.[6]P13 The comparison of the difference will be desc ribed through statistical description and the deep-rooted reasons of thinking patterns will also be gi ven to explain the forming of the language difference.2. The example of the English to Chinese translation2.1 English originalWe know that clean energy technologies have great appeal to the developing world beyond the val ue we in the developed world attach to their capacity to limit climate change. Africa, for example, barely accounts for 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions. It’s not surprising then that our partn ers on this continent are more concerned with the development potential of sustainable energy. Th e price volatility of Africa’s hydrocarbon imports has played havoc with each state’s economy ove r recent decades and stymied progress. REEEP (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partne rship)’s support for proven renewable technologies, such as solar water heating and co-generation ---which of course rely on local products which don’t need to be imported---will greatly increase t he reliability of Africa’s energy supply, and thereby help spur development.The creating of a more even distribution of energy supply will, in turn, fuel new employment and commercial opportunities, particularly in rural areas. Renewable sources then will help to address the social inequality across the globe that we see in the currently marked and unacceptable differe nce between rich and poor nations in terms of access to and use of energy supplies. [7]P2692.2 The Chinese translation清洁性能源技术因为能够缓解气候变化而受到我们发达国家的青睐。