《英语文体学导论》期末考查论文I wondered lonely as a cloud文体分析班级：_________ 学号：_____________ 姓名：_____________ This poem was one of William Wordsworth's representatives. It is said that this poem was written through the author's experience, going sight-seeing with his sister and being greatly attracted by the native nature. And it belongs to the emotion recollected in tranquility. The main idea of the poem is that at first the author felt depressed and then was inspired by the enjoyable daffodils to become happy at last. In this poem, the author greatly appreciates the daffodils. Of course, stylistics is quite important in writing for it can help author express their ideas more effectively so it is unavoidable for Wordsworth to adopt some aspects of stylistics. This article discusses the language of this poem from syntax, phonology and graphology, semantics, lexical, language usage and passage.1. Syntax(1) Repetition is used for the sake of emphasis to highlight a particular meaning.a)“I gazed- and gazed- but little thought”, the word “gazed” means along time staring, and the author repeats it 2 times in order to showa very long time in enjoying the pleasant moment with the daffodilsand expresses the author’s endless happiness.b)Another word “dance” or “dancing”appears every stanza in thispoem, which emphasizes the happiness of those daffodils frombeginning to the end, and shows the endless pleasant of the nature.(2) Parallelisms refers to the same structure is repeated two or morethan two times. It can produce some esthetic efforts: patterned and in rhyme, good to read. “Besides the lake, beneath the trees”, they are prepositional phrases and shows the position of those daffodils.(3) Inverted sentences are to change the normal word to produce someemph atic effect. “Ten thousand saw I at a glance”, here is to emphasize that the daffodils are initiative, I the passive, and also can show “I” was influenced by the daffodils’ pleasure. Another effect is to achieve the same rhyme, such as “what wealth the show to me had brought” and “And then my heart with pleasure fills”.2. Phonology(1) Phonaesthesia (sound symbolism) occurs when certain soundsbecome associated with certain meanings even though they so not attempt to imitate the sound. It used to achieve a sense of reality and vividness. Through reading the word “twinkle”, readers have a image of this action in mind; and the word “tossing” has the same effect. Even though readers do not experience the real situation, they still can feel what the picture is because these words can create those pictures in people’s minds.(2) Sound pattering can achieve a sense of rhythm and harmonious andconnective effect.a) Alliteration refers to the repetition of the initial sound, such as“Besides the lake, beneath the trees”. This kind of alliteration canmake sentences tripping off tongue.b) Assonance refers to the use of the same related vowel sounds insuccessive words. “Lonely, o’er, host, gold”, this usage of thesame sound “/ou/” creates a harmonious e ffect and sounds good.(3) Rhythm refers to a rhyme scheme (pattern) formed by stressesperceived as peaks of prominence. And this poem is iambic pentameter, and its rhyme scheme is ababcc.it’s sure to sounds good. Besides, readers would have an expectation of the next coming rhyme after one. Every stanza has end rhyme in this poem.For example, the end rhyme in the first stanza is /d/ /z/ /d/ /z/ /z/ /z/.(4) Punctuation marks are mainly used for special stylistic effects orrhetorical purposes. This po em adopts dash. “I gazed- and gazed- but little thought”, in this sentence, the original meaning of the “gazed” is a long time, and the usage of two dash here is to express the time of addiction in the pleasure with little thought is so long that “I” reali zes it is too long. It greatly helps the author convey his idea.3. Semantics(1) Reference means that some units of language can be explained byreferring to some other elements in the above or in the text below.And the author uses anaphora, one kind of reference, points above in this poem. “They” appearing in the second, third and forthstanza refers to the daffodils in the first stanza. This kind of reference can avoid repetition or burdensome, and looks simple ofa language.(2) Conjunction refers to the elements which connect the clauses andsentences in a text, such words as, “and”, “however”, etc. “Andthen my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.”It is used to show the detailed relations with each parts and thiscan show t he author’ present emotion filling with happiness andpleasure.4. Lexical(1) Many of the words (images) chosen are simple words which haveconcrete meanings and frequently used in our daily life. So readers can easily understand the meaning. Even though these words are simple, they can form a very vivid, wonderful picture appearing in readers’ minds. This indicates that the author is happy when wondering in the nature. The author expresses his feeling of happiness through the picture formed by those simple words. (2) “Wealth” in the third stanza refers to the spiritual wealth whichmeans the happiness and pleasure brought by daffodils, and it alsocan show the great power of the nature which can influencehuman beings’ emotion.5. Language(1) Simil e. “I wondered lonely as a cloud”, here the author has “I” to“cloud” to express the author’s loneness and depression. And besides, the author regards daffodils to stars to express the large number of the daffodils’ and their pleasure and happiness.(2) Personification. “Tossing their heads”to show the daffodils havethe same character of human. And “outdid the sparkling waves in glee”, here the author gives the daffodils a feeling of happiness as human beings. In fact, the author employs personification throughout this poem for the author endows the daffodils feelings as human. This can help readers easily understand the pleasure. (3) Antitheses. When the author expresses the daffodils are pleasant, hemakes a comparison with the dancing waves to show that the daffodils are happier than the waves. This can fully express the author’s intention.6. PassageAt the beginning, the author expresses a kind of depression and loneness, but at once, the author’s feeling changes with the appearance of the danc ing daffodils. And then describes the daffodils’ pleasure and happiness to show the beauty of nature can affect human’s inner heart through some images in the natural world. This poem mainly shows the beautiful nature and its great influence on human. It is a kind of expression emotion through images.In conclusion, this poem, “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”, reflects many sides of stylistics, including syntax (repetition, parallelisms, andinverted sentences), phonology (phonaesthesia, sound pattering, rhythm, and punctuation mark), semantics (reference, conjunction), lexical (images), and language. It fully helps express the author’s feeling and create an unexpected effect. In a word, stylistics can be almost found and used in every kinds of writing.Bibliography1. Wang Shouren, 2005. Selected Readings in British Literature. [M] High Education Press2. Wang Zuoliang, Ding Wangdao.1987. Introduction to English Stylistics.[M] Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press3. Z hang Deilu, Zhang Guo.2008. A Coursebook on English Stylistics.[M] High Education PressI wondered lonely as a cloud——William Wordsworth (1770—1850) I wondered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils:Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced, but theyOutdid the sparking waves in glee;A Poet could not but be gay;In such a jocund company;I gazed—and gazed—but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.（unit 6, Wang Shouren, 2005. Selected Readings in British Literature.[M] High Education Press）（选自《英国文学选读》第三版，2005年王守仁主编，第六单元）。