Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里【New words and expressions】（12）trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境surface n. 地面，表面explosive n. 炸药vibration n. 震动collapse v. 坍塌drill v. 钻孔capsule n. 容器layer n. 层、层次beneath prep. 在......之下lower v. 放下，降低progress v. 进展，进行smoothly adv. 顺利地★trap （1）v. 陷入，使陷于困境eg：He was trapped in the game preserve . 他被困在禁猎区。
in the game preserve 在禁猎区（2）v. 将（某人）诱入圈套、诱骗（某人）trap sb into doing 诱使某人做某事eg：They trapped her into marring him . 他们又骗她嫁给了他。
（3）n.（捕鸟、兽等用的）圈套、陷阱a bear caught in a trap 熊陷入陷阱set a trap for mouse ＝set a mousetrap 设（陷阱）；张（罗网）；扬（帆），钩住（4）n. 诡计、圈套、策略eg：He fell into a trap . 他掉进了陷阱★surface （1）n. 地面，表面a smooth surface 光滑的表面（2）n. 外表、外观look only at the surface of things 只看事情的表面on the surface 表面上的、外观上的friendship on the surface 表面上的友谊eg：You looked satisfied on the surface then .那个时候你看起来表面上很满足。
（3）adj. 外表的surface differences 表面上的差异；surface kindness 表面上的好心短语：surface mail 陆（水）路邮件、普通邮件（相反的airmail）send a letter by surface mail 寄普通邮件★explosive （1）n. 炸药high explosive 强力炸药（2）adj. 爆发的、爆发性的an explosive substance 爆炸物explosion n. （1）爆发、爆裂、爆炸声a gas explosion 瓦斯爆炸（2）爆发an explosion of laughter 爆发出笑声explode v. （1）（炸药、煤气等）爆炸事件eg：The heat exploded the corked bottle .热气使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。
（2）（因生气、笑等）使（感情）爆发、（感情）爆发eg：He exploded in anger . 勃然大怒eg：His jealousy exploded when she kissed another boy . 看她吻了另一个男孩、他醋劲大发。
＊jealousy [?d?el?si] n.妒忌；猜忌★vibration n. 震动the vibration of the traffic 车辆来往产生的振动。
vibrate （1）v. 振动、摇动eg：His shoulders vibrated with anger .他气到双肩颤动。
1（2）v. 受……而感动，（心）颤动、惊动eg：My heart vibrated to the soulful painting .那张充满感情的画感动了我的心灵。
★collapse （1）v. 坍塌、瓦解、崩溃eg：The roof collapsed under the weight of snow . 雪把房顶压塌了. eg：The heavy flood collapsed the bridge .大洪水使桥梁倒塌了。
（2）v.（计划、事业等）垮掉、挫败eg：Our project collapsed because of shortage of funds .因为资金短缺，我们的计划挫败。
（3）v. 摺叠、可摺叠eg：This table collapses , so I can store it easily .这种桌子可以折叠,不用时很容易收藏。
collapse a tent 把帐篷折叠起来★drill （1）v. 钻孔drill a hole in the wall 在墙上钻个洞drill a tooth 钻牙齿（2）v. 训练（某人），反覆练习、接受训练drill troops 练兵drill in English pronunciation 英语发音练习（3）n. 锥子、钻孔机an electric drill 电钻make a hole with a drill 用钻打洞（4）n. 训练、演练、演习 a fire drill 消防演习drill in English words 英文单字反覆练习★capsulemedicine ：pill [pil] 药丸、powder [?paud?] 药粉、tablet [?t?blit] 药片、capsule [?k?psju:l] 胶囊★layer （1）n. 层、一层a layer of clay 一层泥＊clay [klei] n.粘土，泥土a cake with two layers 两层蛋（2）置放者、砌……的人（通常构成复合词）n. 容器、胶囊eg：He swallowed two capsules at a time . 他一下吃了两粒胶囊。
a bricklayer 泥瓦匠（3）下蛋的鸡a good layer 常下蛋的鸡←→a bad layer 不常下蛋的鸡★beneath （1）prep. 在......之下（可用已表示接触或未接触时，稍为严谨的表达法，一般多用under）eg：Let's take a rest beneaththe tree . 让我们在树下休息。
eg：The ground beneath my feet was soft . 我脚下的土地松软。
（2）（地位、价值）较…….差的，较……不值的的eg：His work is beneath contempt . 他的行为使人不屑一顾eg：Such words are beneath you . 说这些话有些失你身份。
★lower （1）v. 放低（高度、位置），降低eg：She lowered her eyes . 他垂下眼睛。
lower a flag 降旗；lower the sails 降帆lower the water in the canal 降低运河中的水位（2）v. 降低（价格、数量、程度、声音等）lower the rent of a house 降低房租；lower one's voice 压低声音the Lower House （两院治的）下议院the House of Representatives （美）众议院the House of Commons （英）下议院the Upper House 上议院★progress （1）[?pr??gres] v. 进展，进行2eg：We are now progressing steadily with our work我们现在工作进展顺利。
（2）v. 进步、上进eg：You have progressed quickly in mathematics . 你在数学上进步迅速。
（1）n. [?pr?ugres] 前进、进行make swift progress toward the destination 朝目的地迅速前进。
make slow progress toward the destination朝目的地缓慢前进。
（2）n. 进步the progress of medicine 医药的进步★smoothly adv. 顺利地、平滑地go smoothly 进展顺利eg：The escalator didn't operate smoothly . 自动扶梯没有顺利运作＊escalator [?esk?leit?] n.自动扶梯＊operate [??p?reit] vi.运转；动手术；起作用vt.操作；经营smooth （1）adj. 平滑的、顺利的（反义词rough）a smooth skin 光滑的皮肤；a smooth road 顺畅的道路eg：His efforts made the smooth passage of the bill possible .他的努力使该法案得以顺利通过。
（2）adj. 口齿伶俐的 a smooth talker 一个能说会道的人（3）adj. 温和的eg：He is smooth in his manners . 他举止彬彬有礼。
（4）v. 使平滑（坦）smooth out a tablecloth 铺平桌布eg：Don't forget to smooth down the board before you paint it .在刷油漆之前别忘了把木料打磨光滑。
if 条件句真实条件句：主将从现非真实条件件句：与现在事时相反或对不可能的情况假设主句：would do……从句：一般过去式与过去事实相反的假设主句：would have done……从句：had done…….Exercise ：1. 用正确的动词填空（1）If they are not brought （not bring ）to the surface soon , they may lose their lives .（2）If explosive are used , vibrations will cause （cause）the roof of the mine to collapse. （3）If there had not been a hardlayer of rock beneath soil, they would have completed（complete）the job in a few hours .（4）If they know how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock , they would lose（lose）heart .2. 用正确的动词填空（1）If he had fitted safety belts to his car , he would not have been injured .（not injure）（2）The man would have been saved if a helicopter had been （be）available.（3）If you come home late you will find（find）the key under the mat .（4）I would have found the house easily if he had given （give）me the correct address.（5）If smoking is forbidden（forbid）illnesses will be reduced .【Text】Why is the rescue taking so long?Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse.Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule.If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the3a Meanwhile, way to go. they still have a long for few hours. As it is, they have been drilling sixteen hours and job in amicrophone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have beentold that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they wouldlose heart.Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. ★个小时了。