微生物生态系统多样性（Microbial ecosystem diversity）
Ecosystem diversity refers to the diversity of a place at the level of ecosystems. It is contrasted with biodiversity, which refers to variation in species rather than ecosystems.
heterotrophs: carbon is obtained from organic compounds
(halophilic Archaea and others)
autotrophs: carbon is obtained by fixing CO2 (most cyanobacteria,
——From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1.3 微生物多样性表现形式
❖ 形态多样性（Morphological diversity） ❖ 代谢多样性（Metabolic diversity） ❖ 生态多样性（Ecological diversity）
Morphological diversity
-cells size: average 1 to 5 microns range 0.1 to 660 microns (Thiomargarita namibiensis , giant sulfur bacteruim in Namibian sediments)
Dimensions of some bacteria
-cell shapes: rods, cocci, spirals, filaments,amorphous, starshaped, squares,……
-cell organization: multicellular from pairs and tetrads to filaments, sheets, rosettes, microbial mats,……
微生物种群多样性（Microbial species diversity）
Species diversity is an index that incorporates the number of species in an area and also their relative abundance. It is generally a much more useful value than species richness.
organotrophs and heterotrophs: carbon and energy are obtained
from organic chemicals (heterotrophs, E.coli, pathogens)
Small bacteria
Bacteroides spp Bordetella pertussis Mycoplasma spp
Medium bacteria
Bacillus spp E. coli S. aureus
Large Bacteria
Anabaena spp Achromatium spp
微生物多样性（Microbial Diversity）是一定区域范围 内的所有微生物种类和它们的生态环境总和。
1.2 微生物多样性的三个层次
微生物遗传多样性（Microbial genetic diversity）
Genetic diversity is a level of biodiversity that refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It is distinguished from genetic variability, which describes the tendency of genetic characteristics to vary.
photosynthetic bacteria)
Chemotrophs:energy is obtained from chemicals
lithotrophs: inorganic chemicals (sulfur, iron, hydrogen)
-autotrophs: carbon is obtained by fixing CO2 (sulfur-reducing Archaea, methanogens) -heterotrophs: carbon is obtained from organic compounds (sulfurreducing Archaea)
0.1 ×0.15-0.13 m 0.2-0.3 ×0.5-1.0 m 0.1 - 0.25 m dia
0.7-0.8 ×2-3 m 0.4-0.7 ×1-3 m 0.8-1.0 m dia
4-5 m 5 ×100 m
Metabolic diversity
Phototrophs: energy is obtained from light
第二章 微生物多样性 Chapter 2 Microbial Diversity
曹 慧 教授
南京农业大学生命科学学院
第一节 什么是微生物多样性
1.1 微生物多样性概念
生物多样性(biodi生 物 (bio) 和 多 样 性 (diversity) 组 合 而 成 。 biological diversity由托马斯·拉夫卓伊(Thomas Lovejoy)于1980年提 出，而biodiversity则由昆虫学家威尔逊(E. O. Wilson)于 1986年在国家研究委员会(National Research Council, NRC) 举办的首次美国生物多样性论坛报告中提出。