动词的现在分词的变化规则(现在进行时)1 一般的动词,直接在动词后加ingwork -- workingsleep -- sleeping study -- studying 2 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,要先去e加ing take -- takingmake -- makingdance -- dancing 但是see--seeing3 重读闭音节的动词,要双写最后一个字母,再加ing swim--swimming周六早晨游泳天气好get--getting (up)小明早晨未起早sit--sitting坐起忙把衣穿好put (on)-- puttingbegin -- beginning时间不早赶紧开始跑run--runningforget -–forgetting 忘带午饭又把商店找shop--shoppingstop--stoppingcut -- cutting停止剪发就逃跑4 以ie结尾的动词,把ie 变为y再加inglie - lying 平躺/说谎tie - tying系,捆(鞋带,领带) die - dying死一般现在时1.概念:表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
2.一般现在时常常与下面这些时间状语连用:always(总是) usually(通常)often(经常) sometimes(有时)seldom(很少) never(从不)once/twice a week(一周一/二次)every day / month/year每天/每月/年3.当主语不是第三人称人称单数时,主语后面的动词用动词原形,不需做任何变化。
如:I go to school by bus every day.I have a pen and a book.We watch TV everyday.You have a lot of money. They often do their homework . 4.当主语是第三人称单数时,主语后面的动词需要做相应的变化.即在动词后面加s或es或把have改为has3.第三人称单数,动词的变化规则:(1)一般动词后面直接加s如:play-play s like-like sShe usually sing s song. (2)动词以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加-es 如:watch- watch es go- go eswash- wash es do- do esHe go es to school by bus .(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y改为i再加-es如:fly- fl i es study- stud i esLi ping stud i es hard at school.does(主语是第三人称单数)一般疑问句:就把do或does提到主语之前。
如:They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?* 5. 主语是第三人称单数时,需要借用助动词does 变为一般疑问句:将Does提到句子的开头变为否定句:在主语后面加does't借用助动词does之后,原来的动词倒回去用原形。
即去掉s或es或把has变为have如:①Jenny speak s English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well? Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.②Mike watch es TV every night.Does Mike watch TV every night?Mike doesn't watch TV every night.③She has lunch at school every day. Does she have lunch at school every day?She does't have lunch at school every day. 一般过去时1.概念:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态;2.规则动词的变化规则:①一般的动词直接在其后加ed。
如:want ed,play ed。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d。
如:hope d,live d。
③需要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。
如:skip→skip p ed(跳绳)trip→trip p ed(绊倒)travel→trave l l ed(旅游)plan→pla n n ed(计划)stop→stop p ed(停止)beg→beg g ed (乞讨)④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加ed。
如:stud ied,worr ied。
3.过去时态结构基本形式肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他;否定句:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时将动词倒回去用动词原形;一般疑问句:Did+主语+do+其他。
一般将来时1.be going to+动词原形2.will/would+动词原形3.shall/should+动词原形一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
肯定句:主语+ will +动词原形。
We will go to Beijing tomorrow .否定句:在will 的后面加not即可。
will not 可缩写为won’tThey won’t come in two weeks.一般疑问句:把will 提到主语之前,句末用问号。
Will you go to school tomorrow?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+will +主语+动词原形。
?What will want to do in the future? There be”句型的一般将来时肯定句:There will be +名词+其他成份[注意]:无论后面加单数名词或复数形式,be都必须用原形。
There will be only one country.There be 句型不能与have/has/had任何一个连用如:There will __a football match tomorrow.A.haveB.to haveC.beD.had否定句:在will后面加not.There won’t be only one co untry.基数词:表示数量的词(1,2,3。
)数词序数词:表示顺序的词(第一/二/三。
)一.一般有:基数词+th→序数词(规则变化)four(四)→four th(第四)six(六)→six th(第六)seven(七)→seven th(第七)ten(十)→ten th(第十)eleven(十一)eleven th→(第十一)二.**不规则变化的one(一)→first(第一)two(二)→second(第二)three(三)→third(第三)fi ve(五)→fi f th(第五)eight(八)→eighth(第八)nin e(九)→ninth(第九)twel ve(十二)→twel f th(第十二)三.从13—19的基数词,都在个位数后加teen构成14→four teen15→fif teen16→six teen17→seven teen18→eigh teen19→nine teen四.整十的序数词,变y为ie再加th20 twenty→twent ie th第二十30 thirty→thirt ie th第三十40 for ty→fort ie th第十四50 fifty→fif t ie th第五十60 sixty→sixt ie th第六十70 seventy→sevent ie th第七十80 eight→eight ie th第八十90 ninety→ninet ie th第九十五.分数的表达:分子用:基数词分母用:序数词特别要注意:当分子大于1时,分母要用:复数1/2 one second1/12 one twelfth7/8 seven eighth s3/5 three fifth s加减乘除表达a decimal number 小数a fraction 分数a percentage 百分数a odd number奇数an even number 偶数degrees 度数1. 加:and; plus; add to2+4=6Two and four is/equals six.或Two plus four is/equals six.或Two added to four equals six.2.减:minus ; subtract from 8-3=5Eight minus three is/equals five.或Three subtracted from eight is five.3.乘:multiply...by;multiplied by /times 3×5=15Multiply three by five is/equals fifteen.或Three multiplied by five is/equals fifteen. 4.除:divide by.../divide ...by... 24÷8=3Twenty-four divided by eight is/equals three. 或Divide 24 by 8 is /equals three.Let us not...让我们不做。
Please let me go.让我走。
—Let’s go swimming, shall we?我们去游泳,好吗?—Let us go swimming, will you?请你让我们去游泳,好吗?练习题:按要求改写下面的句子。
1.We should go to school on time. (改为肯定祈使句)2.Be carefull . (改为否定祈使句)3.You must take care of the cat.(改为否定祈使句)名词单数变复数规则一、一般的可数名词的复数形式,直接在其后加-s。
例:friend→friends朋友; cat→cats猫sport→sports运动; piece→pieces 张/片二、凡是以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在其后加-es 例:bus→buses公车; fox→foxes狐狸; match→matches比赛,dish →dishes盘子三、辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es 例:candy→candies糖果lady→ladies小姐/女士story→stories 故事四、以-o结尾的名词,例:tomato→tomato es 西红柿potato→potato es土豆photo→photo s 相片kilo→kilo s公斤piano→piano s钢琴hero →hero s英雄五、凡是以-f或-fe结尾的名词,变-f或-fe改变为-v 再加es例:knife→kn i ves小刀; life→li ves生命但有例外:如roof→ roof s屋檐handcuff s手铐六、不规则变化的名词:m a n→m e n男人wom a n→wom e n女人policem a n →policem e n男警察policewom a n → policewom e n女警察child→child ren小孩f oo t→f ee t脚t oo th→t ee th牙齿,g oo se→g ee se鹅m ous e→m ic e老鼠/鼠标七.单复数一样的名词:sheep→sheep绵羊deer→deer鹿fish→fish鱼people→people人Chinese→Chinese中国人Japanese→Japanese日本人不可数名词(没有复数形式即不能在其后加s或es)(在前面也不能用a或an)下面都是错误的,如:rices 米饭teas茶a water水an air 空气 a meat肉不可数名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式。