透析中考英语语法主谓一致考点【语法概说】【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。
其考查重点为：1、主谓一致的语法一致原则2、主谓一致的整体一致原则3、主谓一致的就近一致原则4、主谓一致的意义一致原则5、主谓一致的附加原则【考点诠释】一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[临沂市]A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited[答案]B ．[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。
由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市]A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。
neither…nor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。
二、the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。
【考例】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)A. are a number of deerB. are a number of deersC. is a number of deerD. is a number of deers答案：A。
该题考查的是主谓一致。
这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。
（deer单复数相同）The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (2004山东烟台)A. student, isB. the students, areC. the students, isD. students, are[答案]: C[试题解析]：the number of 后接复数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
故应选C。
三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
【考例】As the saying ________,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "[昆明市]A. goB. goesC. goingD. went[答案]B．[解析] the saying为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用goes。
但what从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。
What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。
四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。
【考例】Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西省]A. is plantedB. was plantedC. are plantedD.were planted[答案]C．[解析] every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义，所以选C项。
五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。
【考例】---How much ________the shoes? ---Five dollars_________ enough．[年青岛市]A．is；is B are；is C．are；are D．is；are[答案]B ．[解析] 答案为B。
shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。
How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)A. haveB. hasC. isD. are答案：B。
该题考查的是主谓一致。
Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
六、就近原则--There_____ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick --All right, Mum. [福州市]A. isB. areC. wasD. were[答案]A．[解析]本题考查"there be”句型中be的数及时态，be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词，所以be应使用单数形式，B、D两项可以排除。
Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．[07临沂市]A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited[答案]B ．[解析]本题既考查时态，又考查并列连词not only．．．but also的用法。
由时间状语since they came to China，可判断用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；not only．．．but also连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词要用“就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市]A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both[答案]B．[解析]考查neither．．．nor的用法，以及both与all的区别。
neither…nor连接两个主语时，谓语用“就近原则”，cousins是复数，谓语用have been，排除C和D项；指两者用both。
【语法回顾】主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：1. 语法一致的原则2. 意义一致的原则3. 邻近一致（就近一致）的原则一、语法形式一致的原则即在语法形式上取得一致。
如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
但须注意下列几种情况：1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
[注意：]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。
但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数。
例如：What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。
例如：Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友。
Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports.周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。
[注意]1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。
例如：The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。
The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。
Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。