writing.
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2）复杂综合(Complex integration) Complex integration is a combination of activities involving different skills, linked thematically. It involves constructing a series of activities that use a variety of skills.
1）简单综合 (Simple integration) The easiest form of integration is within the same medium (either oral or written), from receptive to productive skills.
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接受性技能
receptive
Oral Medium
听
Written Medium 读
产出性技能 productive 说 写
A receptive language skill serves as a model for a productive language skill. In other words, we use a listening text as a model for the students’ speaking, and a reading text as a model for the students’
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• Teaching goals of 2001 National English Curriculum for Nine-year Compulsory Education
The main task is to
—stimulate and cultivate students’ interest and their confidence in learning the language, help them develop good learning habits and form effective learning strategies, facilitate autonomy and cooperative spirit in learning;
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学习策略
认调资交 知控源际 策策策策 略略略略
情感态度
兴自合祖国 趣信作国际 动意精意视 机志神识野
文化意识
综合语言 运用能力
文文跨 化化文 知理化 识解交
际
语言技能
语言知识
听说读写
语词语功话 音汇法能题
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义务教育阶段英语的课程目标
激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，使学生 树立自信心，养成良好的学习习惯和形成 有效的学习策略，发展自主学习的能力和 合作精神；使学生掌握一定的英语基础知 识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综 合语言运用能力；培养学生的观察、记忆、 思维、想象能力和创新精神；帮助学生了 解世界和中西方文化的差异，拓展视野， 培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观， 为他们终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。
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对话课目标分析 与案例
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Analyze the objectives of a listening and speaking class (dialogue)
—cultivate students’ abilities to observe, to memorise, to think, to imagine and to create;
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— increase their awareness of the cultural differences between the East and the West, enlarge their vision, cultivate their patriotic spirit, and help them form healthy views about life.
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—enable students to master basic English
language knowledge and skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing so that they form sufficient competence in using the language;
Objectives, process and result
—— Efficient and Effective Listening and Reading Teaching in
terms of the NECS
School of Foreign Languages
Southwest Uns what the students will be able to do at the end that they are not be able to do at the beginning.
Objective must be specific and clear.
杨晓钰
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联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）曾对外 语教学质量提出了“5个因素和一个公 式”
教学质量（？分）=〔学生（1分）
+ 教材（2分）+ 环境（4分）+教 法（3分）〕×教师素质（？）
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Goal, aim or objective?
A goal refers to an overall purpose that a teacher should attempt to accomplish by the end of the class period.
On the basis of all the above, we lay basis for their life-long learning.
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How to understand integrated skills 综合技能
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How can we integrate the four skills?