Para.2 The analogy of watch
What does the term “R & D” mean? What role does it play in developing
the best watches? restricted selection Out of adjustment: out of order Translate: (para.2)
Para. 12 What’s the embarrassing fact about the final generalizations? Why are they widely held by many people without scientific analysis or
professional authorization? enmesh- trap, entangle, entrap Interplay- interact, intermesh Incisive-acute, penetrating, sharp, intelligent, bright
Para.7 further explanation by introducing enzyme capable of breaking down the substances the grave consequence of absence of degradative enzyme in a new maห้องสมุดไป่ตู้made organic substance Translate line 91-94 (para.7)
harmful. Translate: line 71-73
这个原因应归结于这样一个事实，即在生物体中实际发现的化学物质的
多样性，要比可能有的多样性受到更为广泛的限制。 Synthesize: 合成 Carbon chains of various lengths 含有偶数个碳链长度， 含有奇数个碳链长度 Found wanting: found failing, short of standards
system? x-irradiation: x- radiation, exposure to X-rays Mutation: a significant and basic alteration; change Frequency of mutation Albeit: even though, conceding the fact that
Para.9 How does the author begin this section? By explaining the origin of “free lunch” law.
Translate lines 113-115
根据我的经验，这一概念已被证明能十分清晰地解释环境问题。因此我借
Para.13 What’s the main idea of Para. 13? Why does the author say this literary heritage has not been enough to save
us from ecological disaster? condone- make allowance for 宽宥， forgive, overlook the assault on –the actions that cause damage to the environment avid- enthusiastic, zealous ardent, eager, greedy, insatiable, intense elucidate-explain in detail, annotate, clarify, demonstrate, expound, illustrate be taken unaware- be taken aback, be greatly surprised, be unprepared
生态学的第三条法则认为，人为引入的如果不是天然产生的，而是人工
制造的有机化合物，并且活跃在一种生命系统中，这一做法很可能是有 害的。
Para.6 What’s the logic relationship between para.6 and 5? Explaining why artificial introduction of an organic compound…is
Translation line-58-62 Para. 3 这样，现存的生物或者现有的自然生态系统的各种构成都经过了严格的筛
选，淘汰了不利的部分。从这个你上来说，其组成部分都是最佳的、优选 的，而任何新加入的成分可能都不如现有的组成成分。 Disadvantageous components Heavily screened
Para.4 What’s the topic sentence? How does the author develop it? What does the author mean when saying “In effect there are some 2 or 3
billion years of “R & D” behind every ling thing”? How has “R & D” carried on in nature? Produced- to try out the suitability of some random genetic change- if damaged- to kill it- accumulated the compatible– screened out A staggering number of : an overwhelming number of Staggering, unbelievable shocking, unsteady walking
Para.5 Topic sentence+ explanation (quoting a myth- correcting it with
the law) What does the third law suggest about the artificial introduction of an organic compound that does not occur in nature? 有机化合物 organic compounds Translate line 67-70
物质接触并影响大量我们观察不到的物质的时候，这般慎重当然是不可 能做到的 ，而这正是我们对待洗涤剂、杀虫剂、灭草剂的方式。
由此而经常产生的灾难性后果为“自然最了解情况”这一论断加强了说
服力.
The Fourth Law of Ecology: There Is No Such Thing as a Free Lunch
事实上，手表现有的装置体现的是对大量的有可能被选用的组件经过了
严格的挑选，才形成了现在的特有结构。
对手表进行任何随意的改变都可能导致很大程度上的系统紊乱和破坏，
因为所有这些改变都是在以往的手表制造经历中试验过后被摈弃了的东 西。 “手表工匠最懂手表” 可以说是手表业的行规。
Para.3 What’s the close, and very meaningful analogy in biological
坦率地说，生态的第三条法则认为自然体系中任何重大的人为变动都有
可能对系统造成伤害。
这是一个相当极端的观点，然而我相信，在适当的背景下，它还是有很
多可取之处的。
Para.2-3 What’s the main idea of the two paragraphs? What’s their common key word?
The story goes on in this vein. 按照这个脉络发展 In this vein： in this fashion
Para.10 What’s the topic sentence? The function and the contents of the 4th law of ecology. Para.11 A Transitive paragraph: A summary of the above and an introduction to a new idea generalization: law, principle 普遍法则 一套综合性普遍法则
每一个生物有机体产生一种有机物质的同时，在自然界某处一定存在一种
能够分解那种物质的酶，这是自然生态系统化学反应的一个突出事实。
事实上，除非为降解提供某种酶，从而使再循环得以实施，任何有机物都
无法合成。 that departs significantly from…大相径庭，大大偏离
Para.8 Conclusion The author ends the third law by giving advice: prudently and carefully
用了这一概念，它原本是用于经济学的。 illuminating: enlightening, lighting up, make clear, illustrating, revealing potentate: a powerful ruler on pain of death: under pain of death ， a set phrase, anyone who’s against it should die 违者处死 tome: a great volume 巨著
treat all the man- made organic chemicals, regarding them as potentially detrimental. 在操作层面上 具有生物活性的 Disseminated [di’ se mi nei tid] distributed, spread 洗涤剂、杀虫剂、除草剂 Translate Para.8