英汉互译第八讲解析
一般而言,在翻译长句可以 使用顺译法(cutting)。
• As the century developed, the increasing magnitude 量级 and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnections of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques, and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. • 随着本世纪向前发展,有待解决的问题的数量越来越多, 越来越复杂,学科之间的联系也越来越紧密。因此,科学 家已不可能单独地处理大量的数据、使用大量的技术和设 备,而这些工作恰恰是进行准确和有效的研究所不可或缺 的。
• to take French leave(不辞而别),源于 18世纪法国参加宴会的客人不向主人告辞 而自行离去的习俗; • Italian hand是“干涉干预、狡诈”的意思; • Spanish athlete是“胡说八道的人”; • Irish bull表示“荒诞可笑的说法”等等。 • Shanghai欺骗,欺诈
The seven principles
• 但是,在一些运用顺译法不能很好 地解决问题的时候,我们必须考虑 下面七条原则。
1、时间原则
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汉语在叙述一系列事件时,一般遵从“先 发生的先说,后发生的后说”的原则。 The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry, because he had not had food for two days. 那孩子哭得心都仿佛碎了,我问他,他说, 他已经两天没吃饭,实在饿极了。
• He was about to give up the question , when suddenly he found the answer. • 当他忽然找到答案的时候,他刚要放弃回 答这个问题。? • (这时) • =at which time
Meaning difference caused by number marking, e.g. custom 习惯 customs 海关/关税 economy 节约 economies 节约措施 damage 损坏 damages 赔偿费 ground 场地 grounds 理由 export 出口 exports 出口货物 sand 沙子 sands 沙漠 mean 平均数 means 手段;财产 liability 责任 liabilities 债务
• My shock and embarrassment at finding mother in tears on Wednesday was a perfect index of how little I understood the pressure on her. • 星期三我看到母亲流泪了,我非常震惊和 尴尬。这说明,我对她身上的压力知之太 少了。
L/O/G/O
英语长句翻译
方 法 与 原 则
Semantics
• Semantics:The study of meaning • That‟s Greek to me! • 由于历史的原因,在英语中最受歧视的恐怕是荷兰 人,英国和荷兰在17世纪的时候经常打仗,使 Dutch一词在许多用法中都带了贬义。例如 • double Dutch(莫名其妙的话) • to get one’s Dutch up(发火) • Dutch courage(酒后之勇) • Dutch uncle(严厉的批评者), • Dutch treat (各自付费的聚餐) • I’m a Dutchman if…(我要是…就不是人)。
Contrast:
sweet milk horseplay 加糖牛奶(?) →新鲜牛奶 马戏(?) →胡闹 good sailor 好水手( ?) → 不晕船的人 a hundred and one一百零一(?) →很多
I dare say
busybody dog-eared
我敢说 (?) → 大概
2、空间原则
• • 汉语在表述空间关系时,一般按照由近及远,由此及彼, 由大及小的顺序,少数时候也遵从由远及近,由彼及此, 由小及大。比如: The deserted mining villages, protruding突出的 pitheads 矿坑入口及其周围场地 overgrown with tall grass and rusting refineries冶炼厂 behind crumbling walls situated in valleys, were surrounded by thick wooded mountain slopes, hot springs gushing out here and there. 这些荒芜的矿村位于山谷之中,突兀的矿井口上长着深深 的野草,破败的屋墙后是锈迹斑斑的冶炼设备。山谷周围 群山环抱,山上树林密布,温热的泉水随处涌出。
• All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper fell. • 过了一段时间,远方传来了消息:在小球 坠地的当天人们感觉到了地震。这一切都 得到了证实。
忙人(?) →多管闲事的人 狗耳的(?) →(书)卷角的
bus boy公交男乘务员 (?) →餐馆的服务员
vegetable oil 菜油(?) →植物油(菜油rapeseed oil)
Compare: dry goods 谷物;织物 free-living 沉溺于吃喝玩乐 sweet water 淡水 industrial relations 劳资关系 familiar behavior 亲昵行为 to pull one’s socks 鼓起勇气 outstanding issues 悬而未决的事 outstanding check 未兑现的支票 to send somebody to the chair 处以电(椅)刑