Photographs of Oscar Wilde & Lord Alfred DouglDate: summer 1893
Date: probably 1892 Place: Oxford Date: summer 1893
Homosexuality " I am true Love, I fill the hearts of boy and girl with mutual flame. Then sighing, said the other, 'Have thy will, I am the love that dare not speak its name. " excerpted from Tow Loves
Oscar Wilde
• Poetry:
Works
Poems, 1891 The Ballad（民谣） of Reading Gaol, 1898
• Fairy tales:
• Novel: • Plays:
The Happy Prince and other Tales,1888 The House of Pomegranates（石榴）,1891
Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)

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Oscar Wilde
• He was born in Dublin in1854, studied classics at Trinity College（三圣学 院），and then went to Oxford University, where he distinguished himself as a classical scholar and poet. • His Father was Ireland’s leading eye and ear surgeon and his mother was a poet and author.
Oscar Wilde and Lord Alfred Douglas in the 1890s
• He died in Paris in 1900.
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Lord Alfred Douglas
his same-sex partner

Directed by Albert Lewin (1945)

Oscar Wilde
Dorian Gray: a modern version of Dr. Faust
• A temptation is placed before Dorian: a potential ageless（永恒的） beauty. • Lord Henry‘s cynical见利忘义 attitude is in keeping with the devil‘s role in Dr Faust. • Lord Henry acts as the ―Devil advocate‖. • The picture stands for the dark side of Dorian‘s personality.
• http://www.funshion. com/subject/play/88 315/1
A scene from Oliver Parker’s Dorian Gray (2009).
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The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890)
Estheticism
• Wilde believed that the artist should hold forth higher ideals(The artist = the creator of beautiful things),and that pleasure and beauty would replace utilitarian (功利的) ethics（道德 标准）.
Oscar Wilde
The picture of Dorian Gray
• 1890 first appeared in a magazine. • 1891 revised and extended. • It reflects Oscar Wilde’s personality. • It was considered immoral by the Victorian public.
A contemporary edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray.
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Estheticism
• Devoted to a school of thought and a mode of sensibility known as estheticism, Wilde believed that art possesses an intrinsic（内在的） value—that it is beautiful and therefore has worth and doesn't need to serve any other purpose, be it moral or political. • The purpose of art was to guide life, and to do this, it must concern itself only with the pursuit of beauty.
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Mephistopheles appearing before Faust in the 1865 edition of Faust by Johann Wolfgang Goethe.
• •
浮士德Faust(1926) - 剧情梗概： 影片改变自歌德的诗剧《浮士德》的第一部分，是关于浮士德和少女玛甘蕾的故事。 天使和魔鬼打了一个赌，倘若他能俘获浮士德的灵魂上帝就奖世界让给他，魔鬼给城 市带来了瘟疫，浮士德想找出解药却找不到，他只能眼睁睁看着他，魔鬼和浮士德订 立契约，魔鬼以仆人身份出现，带着浮士德开始新的人生。条件是浮士德一旦感到了 满足，灵魂便归魔鬼所有。魔鬼在浮士德看见了肉欲狂欢的世界，并设计让少女爱上 了浮士德。而不由自主爱上浮士德的少女去求助马歇姨妈，他们相爱了。马歇姨妈却 因为喝了魔鬼调制的酒变得神经兮兮。少女为了和浮士德幽会给母亲服了过量安眠药， 致使老人死去。而魔鬼挑唆少女哥哥瓦伦丁和浮士德争斗，瓦伦丁死于浮士德剑下。 少女成了镇子的罪人，冬天，她生下了自己的孩子，孩子得不到救助在雪中悲惨地死 去。她被人当成了杀人犯被判火刑，浮士德得知后赶回小镇，冲上火刑台，和少女一 同赴死。感动了上帝也战胜了魔鬼。 返回页顶 打从一开始便透过白天神与黑魔鬼的打赌，去确立正与邪不灭的抗衡，而赌注是智者 浮士德的灵魂。耳熟能详的德意志传统故事，经他一手调弄，有意外惊人的效果。浮 士德寻求解脱民间瘟疫的灵药不果，一气之下出卖灵魂予魔鬼，结果终生与罪孽纠缠。 返回页顶 德国鬼才导演茂瑙的传世杰作，根据歌德经典长诗《浮士德》改编，讲上帝和魔鬼打 赌，看能否改变一个名叫浮士德的老年科学家的命运。于是詹宁斯扮演的靡菲斯托便 跟浮士德提出交换条件，用他的灵魂换取永久的青春、快乐和权力。
Life
Oscar Wilde
• He was one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London and one of the greatest celebrities （名人）of his days.
• He suffered a dramatic downfall and was imprisoned（入狱） after been convicted of ―gross indecency （严重猥亵罪）” for homosexual acts.
Lord Alfred Douglas (1894)
Lady Jane Francesca Wilde (Jane Elgee, 1821-1896)

On May 29 in 1884, got married Place：Constance 康士 坦茨湖 They had two sons, Cyril (1885) and Vyvyan (1886). The photo shows Wilde’s wife and his son Cyril in 1889.

Oscar Wilde
Wilde’s estheticism唯美主义
• Oscar Wilde adopted the esthetical ideal: he affirmed “my life is like a work of art”. • His estheticism clashed with（与冲突） the didacticism启蒙主义 of Victorian novels.
The Picture of Dorian Gray, 1891 Lady Windermere’s Fan, 1892 A Woman of no Importance, 1893 The Importance of Being Earnest, 1895 Salomé,（莎乐美） 1893
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• Estheticism is a Victorian literary movement that began in the late 19th century. • Followers of the movement believed that art should not be mixed with social, political, or moral teaching. • Walter Pater‘s statement ―the love of art for its own sake‖ is a good summary of estheticism. • The movement had its roots in France, but it gained widespread importance in England in the last half of the 19th century, where it helped change the Victorian practice of including moral lessons in literature. • Oscar Wilde is one of the best-known "esthetes" of the late nineteenth century.