Open, few obstructions, grassland, agricultural field Suburban, wooded terrain, few tall buildings (4-9 story)
City, tall buildings (4 to 9-story) City, heavy concentration of tall buildings (higher than 10-story)
serviceability wind speeds Water surfaces, open terrain, grassland with few, well-scattered obstructions 2
having heights generally from 1.5m to 10m Terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions 3m to 5m high, such as areas 3
vb

0.19


z0 z0,II

ln
zmin z0
,
z

zmin
(5-1)
平地湍流强度
Iv

1
ln z z0

1
ln zmin
, zmin
,z
z0

z 200 zmin
(5-2)
vb ——基本风速，年超越概率 0.02、10min 风速时距、10m 高度处的统计平均风速。

7.0 365.76 1 4.0 0.45 0.30 97.54 1 3.0
9.5 274.32 1 6.5 0.65 0.20 152.40 1 5.0
11.5 213.36 1 9.0 0.80 0.15 198.12 1 8.0
zmin (m) 9.14 4.57 2.13
1.2 风特性公式
z zb
zG
Lz

100 z 300.5 ,30m
100, z 30m

z

zG
(3-1) (3-2) (3-3)
U0 ——10m 高度处的基本风速，为 100 年重现期的 10min 统计平均风速。
积分尺度与地形、地貌无关（Turbulence scale is defined independently of the terrain categories of the construction site）
5.1 地貌分类
Terrain category
0
Sea or coastal area exposed to the open sea
Ⅰ Lakes or flat and horizontal area with negligible vegetation and without obstacles
平均速度
Vz

b

z 10


V
(1-1)
湍流强度
Iz

c

10 z
1
6
(1-2)
积分长度尺度
Lz

l

z 10

(1-3)
V ——10m 高度处的参考风速(mi/h)，为 3s 阵风风速；在上式中，对高度为 h 的建筑
物而言： z z (0.6h) ，且当建筑物高度 h zmin 时，取 z zmin 。
Area with low vegetation such as grass and isolated obstacles (trees, buildings) Ⅱ
with separations of at least 20 obstacle heights
Area with regular cover of vegetation or buildings or with isolated obstacles with
5.3 风特性剖面
1. 平均风速
2. 湍流强度
3. 湍动能
6 澳 洲 规 范 （ AS-NZS.1170.2.2011-Structural Design Actions-Part2 Wind Action）
6.1 地貌分类
Terrain category Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions and water surfaces a.2
0.25 0.34
0.36 0.62
zg (m)
263.76 317.5 382.39
(4-1) (4-2)
1. 平均风速
2. 湍流强度
3. 湍动能
5 欧洲规范（Eurocode 1: Actions on structures-Part 1-4: General actionsWind actions）
average height exceeds 15m
z0 (m)
0.003 0.01 0.05
0.3
1.0
zmin (m)
1 1 2
5
10
4
5.2 风特性剖面
平地平均风速
vm

vb
0.19

z0 z0,II
0.07

0.07
ln
z z0
, zmin

z

200
of suburban housing Terrain with numerous large, high (10m to 30m high) and closely spaced 4 obstructions, such as large city centers and well-developed industrial complexes
3.2 风特性公式
平地平均风速 平地湍流强度 积分长度尺度
Uz
U0
Er

U
0
U 0
1.7 z zG , zb z 1.7 zb zG , z zb
zG
I rz

0.1 z

0.1 zb
zG 0.05 , zb zG 0.05 , z
Ⅲ separations of maximum 20 obstacles heights (villages, suburban, permanent
forest)
Area in which at least 15% of the surface is covered with buildings and their Ⅳ
多国风荷载规范风特性整理
1 美国规范（ASCE7-10: Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures）
1.1 地貌分类（Exposure Categories）
Exposure
B C（standard）
D

zg (m)

b
c
l (m)
z0 (m) zmin (m)
0.002
3
0.02
5
0.2
10
2.0
20
5
3 日本建筑规范（AIJ-04）
3.1 地貌分类
Exposure α
Ⅰ
0.10
Ⅱ(standard) 0.15
Ⅲ
0.20
Ⅳ
0.27
Ⅴ
0.35
zg (m)
250 350 450 550 650
zmin (m)
5 5 10 20 30
Condition at construction site and upwind region Open, no significant obstruction, sea, lake
0.12
5
0.14
10
0.23
15
D
0.30
550
0.39
2.2 风特性公式
平均速度
Vz


z 10


V
湍流强度
Iz

I0

10 z

V ——10m 高度处的参考风速，为 10min 统计平均风速。
2.3 风特性剖面
30
(2-1) (2-2)
1. 平均风速
2. 湍流强度
3. 湍动能
2
3.3 风特性剖面
1. 平均风速
2. 湍流强度
3. 湍动能 3.4 GB 与 AIJ 剖面对比
4. 湍动能（近地面）
1. 平均风速
2. 湍流强度
3. 湍动能
3
4 加拿大国家建筑规范（NBC 2005）
4.1 地貌分类
Exposure A(标准地貌)
B C
4.2 风特性公式
Exposure factor
Ce z 100.28 , z 10 Ce 0.5 z 12.70.50 , z 12.7
Ce 0.4 z 300.72 , z 30
平地平均风速
Vz V Cez
平地湍流强度
Iz

c

z 10

V ——10m 高度处的参考风速，为 1h 的统计平均风速
要注意单位与平均时距（3s 换算是 10min 的系数为 1.5）的换算。
1.3 风特性剖面
1. 平均风速
2. 湍流强度
2 中国建筑结构荷载规范（GB50009-2012）
2.1 地貌分类
Exposure A B C