• Figure 1-1 schematic IV characteristic curve of a diode
• When a small voltage V is applied to the diode in the forward direction, there can be a small current to flow the diode and lead to a voltage drop Von of about 0.6 - 1V, which is often referred to as the diode's "forward voltage drop" and almost 0.7V in the case of silicon diode.
permissible是形容词用作后置 定语，修饰前面的名词 currents
翻译： 在实际应用中，必须考虑二极 管的容许电压和容许电流大小。 例如，当用二极管整流时，就 要求二极管必须能够耐得住反 向电压。若二极管选择不当， 它们将会被毁坏。
• There are many different types of semiconductor diodes, such as junction diode which commonly is used in switching applications; Zener diode which is used to regulate voltage by taking advantage of the fact that Zener diodes tend to stabilize at a certain voltage when that voltage is applied in the opposite direction; light emitting diode (LED) which can emit light when current flows through it in the forward direction;
现在分词段语，修饰current I
过去分词段语，修饰voltage V
翻译： 流经二极管的电流I的大小依 赖于加在两端的电压V的大小， 并且它的伏安特性曲线不遵循 欧姆定律，而是满足通式的指 数关系，如图1-1所示，公式 中I0为反向偏置的漏电流，e 是电子电荷，V是偏置电压， k是玻尔兹曼常数，T是绝对温 度。
2. 课文翻译讲解
• Diode is the simplest type of semiconductor device with only one PN junction, which is formed by joining together two pieces of semiconductor, one doped n-type, and the other doped p-type, resulting in a depletion zone to form around the junction (the join) between the two doped materials.
翻译：光敏二极管，它的电压降大小依赖于打在它上面的光照总量的多少，可 以用它测量照度；SCR（可控硅整流器），是一个简单的、用门信号控制的常 规整流器，等等。
• Transistors are one of the most common types of semiconductor and widely used in electronics and can be broadly grouped into Bipolar and Field Effect types. Silicon tends to be the preferred choice as it has much better characteristics and better thermal stability and repeatability than germanium, although germanium is still used sometimes. A bipolar transistor essentially consists of a pair of PN junction diodes that are joined back-to-back.
电子信息类专业英语
高等教育出版社
1 Semiconductor Devices
• 学习重点： • （1）学习掌握半导体器件的基本单词、词 组和缩略语的基本含义 • （2）培养阅读和翻译有关半导体器件的科 技文献和产品说明书的能力 • （3）学习科技英语特点及被动语态在科技 英语中的使用并掌握其翻译方法
• This depletion zone controls the behaviours of the diode and permits current to flow predominantly in only one direction. • When the p-type region of the p-n junction is connected to the positive terminal of a power supply, current will flow and this is said to be forward bias. • However, when the terminals of a power supply are reversed, there will be a tiny current through the diode and this is called reverse bias.
Passage A Diodes and Transistors
1.生词
• • • semiconductor [ 'semikən'dʌktə ] n.. 半导体 bipolar [ bai'pəulə ] adj. 有两极的；双极的 diode [ ‘daiəud ] n. 二极管
• • • • • • • •
三句都是被动态， passing through the diodes 现在分词 短语，修饰current
翻译：在许多二极管串联的电 路中，需要考虑到这个电压降 Von。同样也需要考虑流过二 极管的电流量。
翻译：当二极管反向偏置时， 将会产生很大的阻抗，而仍 然存在一个微弱的电流，即 漏电流。但当它通过二极管 时，只有几毫安甚至几微安 的大小，通常被忽略。
• The limiting voltages and currents permissible must be considered in practical application. For example, when used for rectification, the diodes have to withstand a reverse voltage. If the diodes are not chosen properly, they will be broken down.
翻译：有许多不同类型的半导体二极管，例如，结点二极管，它常被用作
开关；齐纳二极管，由于它具有给它加上反向电压时，往往趋于稳定在某 一电压这一特性，它常被用来稳压；发光二极管，当加正向偏置电压、电 流流过时，它就会发光；
• photosensitive diode across which the voltage drop depends on the amount of light that strikes it and which can be used to measure illumination; thyristor or SCR ( Silicon Controlled Rectifier) which is simply a conventional rectifier controlled by a gate signal, etc..
transistor [ træn'zistə ] n. 晶体（三极）管 depletion [ di'pli:ʃən ] n. 耗散 doping [ 'dəupiŋ ] n. (半导体)掺杂(质) germanium [ dʒə:‘meiniəm ] n. 锗 silicon [ ‘silikən ] n. 硅 thyristor [ θai‘ristə ] n. 闸流晶体管 gain [ gein ] n. 增益；获得 v. 得到；增进 photosensitive [ .fəutəu‘sensitiv ] a. 光灵 敏的；感光性的
• resistance [ ri‘zistəns ] n. 阻力；电阻； 阻 抗 • rectification [.rektifi‘keiʃən] n. 整流 • avalanche [ ‘ævəlɑ:nʃ ] n. 雪崩 • leakage current 漏电流 •二极管 • photosensitive diode光敏二极管 • SCR=silicon controlled rectifier 可控硅整 流器 • Zener Diode 齐纳二极管(稳压二极管) • in series 串联
被动语态
主句
定语从句，被动语态， referred to as -- 叫做，称之为”
in the case of --就„.来说， 至于„.
翻译：当一个小的电压V正向加到二极管时，就会有一个小的电流流 过，并产生一个大约为0.6V到1V的电压降Von，这常被认为是二极管 的“正向电压降”，若为硅二极管，大约为0.7V。
• The forward voltage drop Von has to be considered in a circuit as many diodes are used in series, and also, the amount of current passing through the diodes must be considered. • When the diode is reverse biased, there will have a very large resistance, but a tiny current, i. e. leakage current, through the diode still exists, from several mA to just µ A, normally that can be neglected.