快速阅读解题技巧快速阅读(Skimming and Scanning)在新题型中所占比例为10%,要求考生在15分钟内阅读一篇900－1200字左右的文章并完成后面的10个问题。
前面7道题是判断题；后3道是填空题(注:2007年12月真题中快速阅读1-7题为选择题形式,关于这部分以后的设题形式,考试中心尚未给出明确说法)。
快速阅读测试的是考生浏览阅读和查读的能力,要求考生通过"泛"读,集中精力迅速查找题目的答案,而不必对文章仔细推敲、琢磨。
因此,考生在作答快速阅读部分时,应着重从以下两方面入手:读题标词和定位查询。
考生可以利用1分钟左右时间,迅速阅读10个题目,并在每个题目上标出可以提示查询答案的关键词。
之后,考生便可带着关键词进行有针对性的阅读。
在此过程中,利用关键词迅速定位成为快速阅读的重要环节。
一、小标题和关键词由于篇幅较长,大多数快速阅读材料以小标题的形式出现,这有助于考生理清思路,在定位查询时有的放矢。
例:4. Establish an email address for your search.Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employment online is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search ...Using an email address specifically for your job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn’t contain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as salesmgr2004@.(2007年6月真题)题:Using a special email address in the job search can help prevent you from receiving ________.答案:unwelcome emails。
首先在题目中标出关键词"Using a special email address",之后回原文查找,即可定位于第4个小标题"Establish an email address for your search"。
这里有一点值得考生注意,第二段首句中"eliminates the possibility"后跟同位语从句,而题目中则为"prevent you from receiving"。
这种句式的变换是快速阅读填空题型中出现频率较高的考点,考生在正确获取信息的基础上要全面考虑,切忌因句式变换而失分。
二、具有惟一性或特殊性的关键词有的快速阅读因为不设置小标题致使通篇没有任何提示,2006年6月新四级快速阅读便是如此。
此时考生应关注题目中具有惟一性和特殊性的关键词,以便在原文中得到明显提示。
具有惟一性和特殊性的关键词通常是数字、地点和人名等专有名词。
例:With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路) companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of the 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Army’s first transcontinental motor convoy (车队) ,he not-ed, "The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane high-ways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land."(2006年6月真题)题:1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.答案: N。
利用题干中的关键词"1921",便可迅速定位原文第二段为此信息来源。
结合第一句话和第三句话可知,1921年时虽然有长387,000公里的公路,但并不存在国家标准,据此判断题干错误。
2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane high-ways of America.答案: Y。
题干的关键词是人名"General Eisenhower"和名词"Ger-man motorways",故可锁定最后一句话为信息来源。
题干中的"make more sense(更有意义)"对应原文中的"see the wisdom of broader ..."。
这里提示考生,快速阅读判断正误的7个陈述句往往是同义词置换或反义词取代。
三、轻重结合快速阅读如同一条曲线,曲线行进的过程中势必有波峰和波谷,建议考生在波峰处做出标志,刻意加深印象以形成较强的短期记忆；而在波谷处,考生则可不读或一带而过,即在快读中做到有重有轻。
轻重结合会推动考生在短时记忆中突出核心内容,并顺利完成题目。
所谓重,重在三个方面:题干中的关键词、主题句和关联词。
标出题干中的关键词,在原文中予以关注是本文前面所讲述的内容,在此不再赘述。
主题句是快速阅读中应关注的重点。
通常而言,主题句易出现于段落的首尾句。
此外,小标题下的第一段话也是关注的焦点。
考生要关注的第三个重点就是关联词,即句与句之间的逻辑关系,诸如:因果关系(as a result, therefore, consequently, because)；并列、递进关系(and, or, then, in addition, besides, moreover)；转折关系(how-ever, but, yet)。
逻辑关系的正确把握有利于简化阅读,关注关联词易于迅速获取信息。
所谓轻,即对介绍性内容置之不理或一带而过。
例:2. Reclaim life’s meaning. So many of my patients tell me that their lives used to have meaning, but that somewhere along the line things went stale.The first step in solving this meaning shortage is to figure out what you really care about, and then do some-thing about it. A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking. "I mistakenly believed that all the money I made would mean something." she says. "But I feel lost,like a 22-year-old wondering w hat to do with her life."Ivy’s solution? She started a program that shows Wall Streeters how to donate time and money to poor children. In the process, Ivy filled her life with meaning.(2006年12月真题)题:Ivy filled her life with meaning by launching a program to help poor children.答案:Y。
阅读重点应放在小标题下第一段和第二段的首尾句。
跳过的部分是介绍性语句,如"57, a pioneer in investment banking"等。
通过寻找关键词Ivy,利用轻重结合法很快就能作出判断。
由于快速阅读测试的重点放在考查考生短时间内获取篇章主旨和特定信息的能力上,因此,只要考生掌握一定的方法,培养好的阅读习惯,定会在考试中取得满意的成绩。
Tryout1. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out.题:It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system. (2006年6月真题)2. Identity theft is "an absolute epidemic," states Robert Ellis Smith,a respected author and advocate of privacy. "It’s certainly picked up in the las t four or five years. It’s worldwide. It affects everybody, and there’s very little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can’t detect it until it’s probably too late."题:Robert Ellis Smith believes identity theft is difficult to detect and one can hardly do anything to prevent it. (2007年6月真题)3. American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admit-ting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the U.S. is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.题:The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by ________.(2007年12月真题)答案&解析1. Y。