英语专业翻译解析
Practice
He was born on July 29, 1976 but unfortunately his father died the day before in an unprecedented earthquake.
他出生于
同时具有前置定语和后置定语
如果英语的中心词既有前置定语,又有介词短语、分词短语 或不定式短语作后置定语,一般将后置定语调整为前置定语, 原有的前置定语位置则需视情况而定。 The old professor in spectacles is the head of the English Department. 那个戴眼镜的老教授是英语系主任。 A favorable decision is needed on most favored nation trading status for China. 需要就中国贸易最惠国地位问题做出赞成的决定。 APEC too will face different problems arising from growing up. 亚太经济合作组织也将面临发展过程中出现的各种问题。
商务英语翻译(二)
第1-2讲
英汉翻译中的词序调整
Review
翻译的基本定义和标准 商务英语翻译的特点 翻译技巧 – 词义的选择 – 增减翻译法 – 词类转换 – 词义的引申 – 数字的用法
词序调整
英汉两种语言的主要成分语序大体一致,正常语序皆遵循: 主语+谓语+宾语(或表语)的规则。但是在状语、定语等其 他成分上,两种语言差异较大,在翻译中需要加以必要的调 整。 I cannot bear the sight of that man. 原译:我无法忍受看见那个人。 改进:我一看到那个人就难受。 It is a document which must be considered as positive support for the Second United Nations Development Decade. 原译:这个文件必须被看作是对第二个联合国发展十年的积 极支持。 改进:这个文件必须视为对联合国第二个发展十年的积极支 持。
一张木制小圆桌
一幢白色的石屋 几个能吃的酸的青苹果 社会主义工业强国
a big white stone house
some sour green eating apples
a powerful, industrial, socialist country
The solution is to globalize major Australian corporations. 解决的方法是将澳大利亚的主要公司推向全球。 They endeavor to produce more and better products to meet the growing home and world market needs. 他们努力生产更多更好的产品,以满足国内外市场日益增 长的需要。 The property is of fundamental spiritual and cultural value to such countries. 这种财产对这些国家具有思想与文化的根本价值。
定语词序的调整
英语的定语种类繁多,位置也相对比较灵活;而汉语的定语 一般来说位置比较固定,放在中心词之前。英汉翻译中需要 依照两种语言不同的排列规则对定语的次序加以必要的调整。
后置定语
以“-able”、“-ible” 结尾的形容词 How much cash is tied up in accounts receivable and for how long? 有多少现金被搁置在应收账户上?搁置多久? We had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting here in time. 我们为了及时赶到这里,经历了可能想见的最大困难。 This is the only reference book available here on the subject. 这是这里唯一能找到的有关该题目的参考书。
插入语词序的调整
英语的插入语一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开,常用来对全 句加以说明,表示作者或说话者对句子内容的看法,或者用 以对其内容作出补充说明等。 插入语形式多样,可以是单词、短语、或是句子,其位置可 以在句首、句中或句尾。 英译汉时需要根据汉语的习惯灵活调整插入语的位置。
More recently, though, IBM's dominance of the computer market has slipped. 不过,近年来国际商用机器公司在电脑市场上的统治地位下 降了。 China, in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects. 事实上,中国已经在许多方面赶上并超过了世界先进水平。 She's not quite fit for this kind of work, if I may say so. 如果我可以这样说的话,她做这工作不怎么太合适。 There were eighteen people present, to be precise. 确切地说,出席的有18人。
状语语序调整
英语状语的位置远比定语更加灵活多变,形式也更加多样, 在译成汉语时,有些可以保持其原有次序,但是更多的需要 对原文中的状语位置加以调整,以使译文更加符合汉语的表 达习惯。
后置状语调整为前置状语
They don't understand it profoundly. 他们并不深刻了解这一点。 There isn't such a word in English so far as I know. 就我所知,英语里并没有这样一个词。 They had to put the meeting off since so many people were absent. 由于很多人没来,会议只得延期。 She looked at her rival with freezing eyes. 她冷冰冰地看着对手。 Just then a white-haired woman entered supported by the team leader. 就在这时,一位白发苍苍的妇女由队长扶着走了进来。
定语从句 定语从句情况较为复杂,需视不同类型的从句、不同的内容 及表达习惯来确定。但是对于较短的限制性定语从句,一般 都将其调整为前置定语。 – He was one of the earliest English grammarians who paid attention to this problem. 他是最早注意到这一问题的英语语法学家之一。 c.f. He was the only one of the earliest English grammarians who paid attention to this problem. – Those who did not die from smallpox usually carried scars on their faces for life. 那些没有死于天花的人通常脸上都终生留下疤痕。 – This is the very hotel where they spent their honeymoon. 这正是他们曾度蜜月的那家旅馆。
一些表示时间、地点的副词 The meeting yesterday was broken up by the sudden entrance of a mob. 昨天的会议由于一群暴徒突然闯入而中断。 The strong dollars abroad has reduced exports and increased imports. 国外美元坚挺已使出口下降,进口增加。 The social system there has undergone great changes for the past few years. 过去几年里,那里的社会制度经历了巨大的变革。
The new students were working at the physics laboratory from 8 to 12 this morning.
今早8点至12点,新生一直在物理实验室工作。
The Harmons resides presently at 3007 Rio Drive, Arlington, Virginia, U.S.A.
多个时间状语或地点状语同时出现
英语中如果多个时间状语或地点状语,通常是按照从小到大 的顺序排列,而汉语恰好相反,是按照从大到小的顺序。所 以英译汉时需要对原文的状语进行调整。 – This contract was signed in New York on 8 August, 2009. 该合同于2009年8月8日在纽约签订。 – China successfully launched its first man-made satellite in April 1970. 中国于1970年4月成功地发射了第一颗人造地球卫星。 – For further detail, contact: International Language Centre, 86 York, London. 欲知详情,请联系:伦敦市约克街86号,国际语言中心。
不定代词的后置定语 If there is something wrong with the car, call for maintenance. 如果汽车出了什么毛病,找维修工来。 To design means making the drawing of something new according to a plan. 设计就是按方案画出某种新东西。 She can see nothing remarkable in the new product. 她看不出新产品有任何出众的地方。 她看不出新产品有任何亮点。