Opening 模版句型1 The graph(s) and chart(s) tell/illustrate/display/explain to/show/unfolds/give us a clear picture/overview/ of the characteristics and trends of__________.2As is shown/displayed/revealed in the graph(s) and chart(s) (respectively), the numbers/amounts/percentages of _____surged/fluctuated/differed/varied dramatically/(comparatively) gently/gradually from___to___/during___and___.3 It can be seen /It is clear from the table(s)/diagram(s)/figure(s) that______.4 According to the chart(s) and graph(s), ____________________.5 A glance at the ______ of______ reflects great similarities/differences/surge/dip between___and___.Example:A This bar chart displays the number of men and women enrolled in future education in Britain during three periods.B It is immediately apparent from the diagram that in 1970 the professions in Malaysia were almost totally dominated by men.C As is revealed in the diagram, the number of hours per week spent on unpaidwork is unequally distributed between men and women.D According to the bar chart, the number of men and women enrolled in higher education in Britain show a number of trends.E A glance at four indicators of economic and social conditions in four countries, Canada, Japan, Peru and Netherlands, in 2001 reflects the great differences thatexist between wealthier and poorer nations.表示超过的单词补充1．exceed/surpass/overtake (后面直接跟数字)：The final cost should not exceed5 million dollars.2．outnumber/outscore (指一种事物的数字超过另一种数字，后面不直接跟数字)：In our office the females outnumber the males: 5 to 3. 3．outweigh/outperform: (指价值超过另一种事物):The advantages outweigh the drawbacks.with介词状语后置的用法•The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power.•But hydro power contributed only5 units.•The remaining 40 units wereproduced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro power which contributed only 5 units.•真题例句：The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units.with介词状语后置的用法: 练习•These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s. •Europe had as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation. •These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe which had as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.•真题例句：These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.E.g.Between 1940 and around 1960, the proportion of elderly people in the Western countries showed/saw an upward trend, with (that of )Sweden increasing more rapidly from about 7% to 9 % while the figure for Japan experienced/witnessed a downward trend, decreasing rapidly from 5% to only 3%.~~With 介词状语后置的主要用途是它可以把很多有相似性的数值归纳在一起(前半句)，并突出其中有特点的一些数值(后半句)Table以图十六为例首先确定表格题描写的顺序。

Five technical methods of listing statistics effectively and multifariouslyExtreme 极端数字举例法The general trend of the visits abroad by UK residents for holiday rose comparatively dramatically, reaching an apex at 20,700 in 1998 and hitting a trough at 14,898 in 1995..Range 范围法Visits abroad by UK residents for business boomed within a small range of approximately 800..Average 平均值举例法Visits abroad by UK residents for other reasons rose and fell evenly, averaging out at nearly 1000.. take an average atStrike a balance atSimilarity 类比法This is the similar case with the trend/statistics of TOTAL类比的四种句型：This is the similar case with…This is true of …So does…This can be paralleled with …Contrast 反比法This is the opposite with the trend/statistics of反比的三种句型：This is the opposite with…This is converse with …This is contrary to …表格题的审题顺序----首先，在表格左边空白区域标上trend编号见图十七表格题审题顺序：1）确定写作顺序（横？纵？）10 sec 2）表格审题编号——先趋势，后数据在表格左边空白区域标上trend编号30 sec✧写出all trends那句话（总分句）2min✧在表格右边空白区域进行数据方法的编号2-3 min✧进行数据的描写10 min（纵向比较结果）All trends can be categorized into 4 groups with falling in items such as Food, rising in items including Housing, fluctuating in Household goods and services, and stabilizing in Other items. Transport and communications soared, reaching an apex at 16% in 1997 and hitting a trough at 9% in 1967. Household goods and services was volatile dramatically with the vertex in1997 and the nadir in 1977. Furthermore, there was a subsiding in Other goods and services, ranging from 8% to 14%.Alcoholic drink reached a plateau at 7% from 1967 to 1977, followed by a sudden slump to 4% in 1997, this was almost paralleled with the trend of Fuel, light and power.Similarly, the trend of Housing accrued from 1967 to 1997 with an average of 14 in 1977.This was almost the similar case with the trend of Recreation, entertainment and education, which was the opposite with that of Tobacco. What is worth mentioning is that Other items, not making its debut until 1977,remained constant from 1977 to 1997. The table below shows the number of marriages and divorces in the UK from 1950 to 2000.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.The number of first marriages was 330 thousand in 1950,increasing steadily for the following two decades and peaking at 389 thousand in 1970. However, from then on, it experienced a sharp fall to 180 thousand in 2000, the lowest of the whole period. Similarly, the number of re-marriage had generally increased from 78 thousand in 1950 to a peak of 140 thousand in 1980, though its lowest point (58,000) reached in 1960. The following decade from 1990 to 2000 witnessed an insignificant decrease to 126 thousand. Since marriage are a sum of first marriages and re-marriages, it can be clearly seen that the trend of marriages saw an overall drop, with its record low (306,000) in 2000, about athird less than its peak (471,000) in1970.In contrast to the general downward trend of marriages….见图十八首先确定写作顺序，然后标出趋势编号All trends can be categorized into 3 groups with rising in Agriculture of Britain, Computer Industry and Finance of China, fluctuating in Computer Industry, Finance, Manual Labour of Britain and Manual Labour of China, and falling in Agriculture of China.表格题比较原则：有可比点的比，没有可比点的不要比“可比点”表示差异性“没有可比点”表示同质性(similarity)或不相关性(irrelevancy)横向比较结果：In Britain, Manual Labour was the largest industry drawing employees, while most people in China, were engaged in Agriculture.纵向比较结果：Agriculture witnessed a converse trend in aspect of employment for both countries. In China, Computer Industry and Finance were prone to be booming industries.剑8 test 1同意词替换：cause of degradation•改变词性：主语land + 动词degrade形容词degrading + 名词land•同义词：reason/contributing factorParagraph 1•The pie chart shows that there are four main causes of farmland becoming degraded in the world today. 转述题目•Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively.(分词状语后置)•A further 28% of global degradation is due toover-cultivation of crops.•Other causes account for only 7% collectively. (features) Paragraph 2•承上启下：These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation,(介词状语后置) while the impact of this on Oceania and North America was minimal, with only 1.7% and0.2% of land affected respectively.(介词状语后置)•Europe, with the highest overall percentage of land degraded (23%), (介词做插入语) also suffered from over-cultivation(7.7%) and over-grazing (5.5%).•In contrast, Oceania had 13% of degraded farmland and this was mainly due to over-grazing(11.3%).•North America had a lower proportion of degraded land at only 5%, and the main causes of this were over-cultivation (3.3%) and, to a lesser extent, over-grazing (1.5%). ConclusionOverall, it is clear that Europe suffered more from farmland degradation than the other regions, and the main causes there were deforestation and over-cultivation. 总结Bar ChartCompare and Contrast (Summary and Analysis)Grammatical AccuracyHidden Characteristic柱状图本质上就是前三种图的柱状形式下面请看图十九1）三张饼图2）四根曲线图All trends can be categorized into 3 groups with fluctuating in bus, rising in car and falling in bike and foot.3）3X4 的表格题This was the similar case with the trend of foot.总结：题型本质上分为两种——动态图和静态图动态图最好用曲线图（天龙八部+All trends）的整体写作模式静态图则是静态表格（纯比较）的写作模式柱状图的要求：1）充分的比较（共性）和对比（差异），文字性的部分可以多一点，不必局限在每一种题型的要求上。