“重整”是指烃类分子重新排列成新的分 子结构，而不改变分子大小的加工过程。
“Catalytic Reforming” is to rearrange the molecular structure of hydrocarbons by means of catalyst.
“催化重整”就是利用催化剂对烃类分子 结构进行重新排列。
根据目的产品要求，对原料进行精馏以切取 适宜的馏分。
Pre-dearsenification
预脱砷
Arsenic can result in reforming catalyst lose its activity. It is generally required that the arsenic content of raw oil entering the reaction device is not more than 1.00ppb pre-dearsenification is often set in the raw oil tank area. （2）预脱砷 砷能使重整催化剂失去活性，一般要求进入 重整反应器的原料油中砷含量不大于 1．00ppb，预脱砷常设在原料油罐区。
加氢过程得到的生成油中尚溶解有H2S、 NH3和H2O等。为保护重整催化剂，必须除 去这些杂质。脱除的方法有汽提法和蒸汽脱 水法。以蒸汽脱水法较为常见。蒸汽脱水是 利用油水共沸蒸馏的原理脱除原料油中的 H2O和H2S。
Catalytic Reforming
The reforming reaction is the core of this section based on the purpose to increase aromatics hydrocarbon or to increase the octane value of gasoline.
Pre-hydrogenation
预加氢
The purpose of the pre-hydrogenation is to remove the impurities in raw materials. Its principle is to make hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and other impurities in the raw material decompose under the influence of nickel molybdate catalyst and hydrogen, and respectively generate H2S , NH3 and H2O and then to remove these impurities. Arsenic, lead, copper, mercury, iron and other metal compounds in the raw materials will decompose under the pre- hydrogenation conditions, and then be absorbed and removed by catalyst in order to protect the reforming catalyst from poisoned by impurities.
Petroleum and Chemical Engineering System Fundaments
Section3 Catalytic Reforming Device
催化重整装置
Ma tingxia
Difinition——
the important secondary processing
重整原料油的预处理
the pre-fractionation of the raw materials 原料的预分馏
pre-dearsenification 预脱砷 pre-hydrogenation预加氢 Desuization 脱硫 Dehydration脱水
purpose to dissect raw materials into a distillation range that agrees to the reforming requirements and to remove harmful impurities for catalyst.
预加氢的目的是脱除原料中的杂质。其原理是在钼酸镍催化剂和氢 的作用下，使原料中的氢、氮、氧等杂质分解，分别生成H2S、NH3 和H2O而被除去。原料中的砷、铅、铜、汞、铁等金属化合物在预 加氢条件下进行分解，并被催化剂吸附除掉，以保护重整催化剂不 受杂质的毒害。
Desulfurization and Dehydration of Reforming Raw Materials
naphtha
石脑油
The catalytic reforming
催化重整
atmospheric vacuum gasoline
常减压汽油
secondary processing gasoline
二次加工汽油
high-octanegasoline components other organic 高辛烷值汽油组分 benzene苯 chemical raw toluene甲苯 materials dimethy benzene二甲苯 有机化工原料 large number of hydrogen and cheap gasoline
以生产芳烃为目的重整装置
based on the purpose of producing aromatics hydrocarbon
aromatics extraction芳烃抽提 aromatics rectification芳烃精馏
Pretreatment of reforming raw oil
重整反应部分以增产芳烃或提高汽油辛烷值 为目的，是这个单元的核心
the reforming reaction重整反应 hydrogenation after generating oil生成油后加氢 depentanizing脱戊烷
Depentanizer will remove components ≤ C5 in the generating oil in order to facilitate the device of follow-up unit operations. 脱戊烷塔将生成油中≤C5的组分 脱除，以利于后续单元操作的装 置
重整原料的脱硫和脱水
The generated oil produced in hydrogenation process contains undissolved H2S, NH3, H2O and so on. In order to protect the reforming catalysts, these impurities must be removed. The removal methods include: steam stripping method and vapor dehydration method, and vapor dehydration method is more common. Vapor dehydration is to eliminate H2O and H2S in raw oil by making use of the principle of oil - water azeotropic distillation.
炼油工艺中重要的二次加工方法之一 catalyst催化剂 铂铼 铂 (platinum, platinum-rhenium or multiple-metal多金属 Dehydrogenation 脱氢环化 hydro-cracking 加氢裂化 Isomerization 异构化
raw materials原料
目的为将原料切割成适合 重整要求的馏程范围和脱 去对催化剂有害的杂质
Process flow diagram of raw material pretreatment
Naphtha石脑油 fuel gas燃料气 topped oi拔头油 reforming hydrogen 重整氢
① pre-fractionation tower 预分馏塔 ② pre-hydrogenation reactor预加氢反应器 ③ gas-oil separator 油气分离器 ④stripping tower 汽提塔 ⑤ first section hydrogen compressor一段氢压缩机
Pump泵
Aromatics Extraction
Aromatics extraction is a process to extract aromatic hydrocarbon in the generating oil using the principle of solvent exhaustion to obtain aromatic hydrocarbon of high-purity. Its basic principle is to make use of the solubility differences of aromatics and non- aromatics in the solvent to separate the two aromatics and according to the boiling-point differences of solvent to separate aromatic hydrocarbon from solvents, thus to get mixed aromatics with a purity of over 99.8%.
副产大量氢气和廉价汽油高辛烷值汽油组分
“Reforming” refers to a manufacturing process that the hydrocarbon molecules rearrange to new molecular structures without changing the size of molecules.