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不同炮制方法对玉竹成分的影响

不同炮制方法对玉竹成分的影响作者:周小祝田强石坤连来源:《中国医药导报》2020年第07期[摘要] 目的考察不同炮制方法對玉竹成分的影响,为临床炮制品选用提供依据。

方法以醇浸出物量、玉竹多糖、玉竹总皂苷为考察指标,对经过清蒸、蜜炙、酒蒸之后的3个批次玉竹炮制品与净玉竹进行比较分析。

采用浸出物测定法测定醇浸出物量;采用苯酚-硫酸法测定玉竹多糖含量;采用香草醛-冰醋酸法测定玉竹总皂苷的含量。

结果 2个批次蜜炙品醇溶性浸出物与净玉竹比较升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05);1个批次酒蒸品醇溶性浸出物与净玉竹比较降低,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);3个批次清蒸品多糖含量与净玉竹比较升高,差异均有高度统计学意义(均P < 0.01);1个批次蜜炙品多糖含量与净玉竹比较升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);2个批次酒蒸品多糖含量与净玉竹比较下降,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);3个批次清蒸品总皂苷含量与净玉竹比较升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05);3个批次蜜炙品总皂苷含量与净玉竹比较升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05);1个批次酒蒸品总皂苷含量与净玉竹比较升高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。

结论炮制方法对于玉竹成分的影响是复杂的,玉竹炮制后清蒸可以增加多糖含量,加热炮制可以增加总皂苷含量,注意炮制与其功效、临床炮制品的选用关联的关系。

[关键词] 玉竹;炮制方法;醇浸出物量;多糖;总皂苷[中图分类号] R283.3; ; ; ; ; [文献标识码] A; ; ; ; ; [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)03(a)-0019-05[Abstract] Objective To inspect the effect of different processing methods on the composition of Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druce, and to provide experiment basis for the selecting of clinical processed products. Methods The alcohol extract amount, polysaccharide of Polygonatum odoratums(Mill.) Druce, total saponins of Polygonatum odoratums (Mill.)Druce were used as index. After steaming, honey broiling and wine steaming, three batches of processed products of Polygonatum odoratums(Mill.) Druce and Polygonatum odoratums(Mill.) Druce were compared and analyzed. The extraction method was used to determine the amount of alcohol extract. Phenol-sulfuric acid method was used to determine the content of Polygonatum odoratums (Mill.)Druce. Vanillin-glacial acetic acid method was used to determine the content of total saponins. Results The content of alcohol soluble extract of two batches of honey processed products was higher than that of Polygonatum odoratums(Mill.) Druce, and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05).The content of alcohol soluble extract in one batch of wine steaming products was lower than that in Polygonatum odoratums(Mill.) Druce, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The content of polysaccharides in three batches of steamed food was higher than that in Polygonatum odoratums (Mill.) Druce, and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.01). The content of polysaccharides in one batch of processed honey was higher than that in Polygonatum odoratums (Mill.) Druce, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The content of polysaccharide in the two batches of wine steaming products decreased than that of Polygonatum odoratums(Mill.) Druce, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The total saponin content of three batches of steamed products was higher than that of Polygonatum odoratums (Mill.) Druce, and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The content of total saponins in three batches of honey processed products was higher than that in Polygonatum odoratums (Mill.) Druce, and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The content of total saponins in one batch of wine and steam was higher than that of pure bamboo, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The effects of processing methods on the components of Polygonatum odoratums (Mill.) Druce are complicated. Steaming after processing of Polygonatum odoratums (Mill.) Druce can increase the content of polysaccharides, and heating processing can increase the content of total saponins.[Key words] Polygonatum odoratums(Mill.) Druce; Processing method; Alcohol extract amount; Polysaccharide; Total saponins玉竹系百合科植物玉竹Polygonatum odoratums(Mill.) Druce的干燥根茎。

具有养阴润肺,益胃生津等功效[1-2]。

玉竹含有多糖、皂苷等化学成分。

其中玉竹多糖和总皂苷含量最多,多糖含量通常为10%左右,总皂苷含量为3%左右[3-4]。

相关研究显示,玉竹提取物有保护心脏、抗衰老等作用[4-8]。

玉竹常用的炮制品有净玉竹、炙玉竹、蒸玉竹、酒玉竹等[9-11]。

净玉竹的炮制方法,《雷公炮炙论》记载“采得,先用竹刀刮上节皮了,洗净”。

现行,取原药材,除去杂质、洗净、润透、切厚片、干燥。

炙玉竹的炮制方法,《雷公炮炙论》记载“以蜜水浸一宿,蒸了,焙干用。

”现行,取炼蜜置锅内,加适量开水稀释后,投入玉竹片,用文火拌炒均匀,不粘手为度,取出放凉。

蒸玉竹的炮制方法,《太平圣惠方》记载“刮皮蒸曝干”。

现行,取原药材,除去杂质,洗净,置容器内蒸至外黑内呈棕褐色,切段,干燥。

酒玉竹的炮制方法,《本草备要》记载“竹刀刮去皮节,蜜水或酒浸蒸用。

”现行,取净玉竹片加黄酒拌匀,闷润,置笼屉内蒸透,取出,摊晾。

中药的炮制与药物功效和药物成分关系密切,本研究结合传统炮制工艺和现代炮制工艺,采用清蒸、蜜炙、酒蒸三种炮制方法对玉竹进行炮制,得到清蒸玉竹、蜜炙玉竹、酒蒸玉竹炮制品,考察不同炮制工艺对玉竹浸出物、多糖、皂苷类成分的影响情况。

1 仪器与试药1.1 仪器设备Agilent UV-8454可见紫外分光光度仪(安捷伦科技有限公司);eppendorf Centrifuge 5804R 离心机(德国eppendorf公司);BS-llOS电子天平(万分之一,德国Sartorius公司);电子秤(百分之一,上海佑科公司)。

1.2 试药葡萄糖(批号:130529,由广州市齐云生物科技有限公司提供,纯度>99%);薯蓣皂苷元(批号:111539-200001,由中国食品药品检定研究院提供,纯度>98%);其余苯酚、硫酸、石油醚、三氯甲烷、甲醇、冰醋酸、鹽酸、95%乙醇等均为分析纯,水为纯净水。

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