Contract for Decoration Project
Party A (full name):
Party B (full name):
This Contract is concluded on the basis of the project details by and between the foresaid Party A and Party B in accordance with Contract Law of People’s Republic of China and Construction Engineering Contract Regulations.
1. Overview
1.1 Project name:
1.2 Project site:
1.3 Project content:
1.4 Means of contract:
1.5Construction Period is from date of commence of , to completion date of .
1.6 Quality standard:
1.7 Contract price:
2. Party A’s Responsibilities
2.1 Party A shall provide copy of confirmed construction drawings or instructions to Party
B Days prior to the date of commence, clear up all or parts of the buildings, and remove barriers. Party A will take protective measures for the remaining furniture and furnishings. Party A also needs to provide water, electricity, gas and telecommunications, and indicate matters needing attention to Party B. Party A will be responsible for going through all the applications and approval procedures related to the project.
2.2Party A assigns to be the representative. He will be responsible for the supervision and control over the project, and handle the acceptance, alteration, registration formalities.
2.3Party A entrusts with the construction supervision of this project. The supervision company appoints to be the general supervision engineer, clarifies his responsibilities in the supervision contract, and submits copy of the contract to Party B.
2.4Party A shall be responsible for protecting the surrounding buildings, equipments, pipelines, trees and landscaping from being damaged, and bear corresponding costs.
2.5 If it is really necessary to change the original building structure or pipelines, Party A shall be responsible for going through the corresponding approval procedures.
2.6 Party A will coordinate with relevant departments to do on-site security, fire protection, waste disposal, etc., and bear the corresponding costs.
3. Party B’s Responsibilities
3.1Party B must be available to attend meetings organized by Party A and prepare construction plan and schedule.
3.2 Party B assigns as the site resident representative. He will be responsible for construction organization and completion of the project with good quality.
3.3Party B shall strictly implement the construction specifications, safety operation procedures, fire safety regulations, and environmental protection regulations. It must strictly execute construction abiding by construction drawings or practice instructions, and complete the quality inspection record. Party B must participate in the final completion acceptance, and prepare the project settlement.
3.4 Party B must abide by the provisions on the management of the construction sites by the national or local government and related departments, protect the surrounding buildings, equipments, pipelines, trees and landscaping from being damaged. Party B also need to do a good job in such things as the construction site security and garbage disposal, and deal well with the issue of disturbing residents brought about by construction.
3.5 Without Party A's consent or approval of relevant departments, Party B shall not make any unauthorized changes to original building structure or pipelines.
3.6 Party B shall be responsible for protecting all the facilities and finished projects before the project is handed over to Party A.
4. Construction Period
4.1 When Party A needs to complete the project ahead of the time limit, it should obtain Party B's agreement and pay the cost for the measures that Party B takes to crash the schedule.
4.2 If the project progress is influenced by the delay of Party A's delivery date, the practically impacted cycle extends accordingly.
4.3 If the project can not be started on time or shutdown halfway for no reason because of Party B's responsibility, the practically impacted cycle can not extend accordingly.
4.4The project duration shall be prolonged when the downtime is over eight hours (accumulated in one week) caused by the power failure, water failure, gas stop and force majeure factors because of design changes or reasons not related to Party B.
5. Quality Standard and Acceptance Inspection
5.1This project takes construction drawings, instructions, design changes and national construction and acceptance specifications such as Construction and Acceptance Standards of Decoration Engineering (JGJ73-91), Unified Quality Inspection and Assessment of Architectural Installation Work (GBJ300-88) as quality assessment and acceptance standards.
5.2Quality of the project should meet the acceptance criterion of national quality assessment. If all or parts of the project reach to the excellent standard, Party A will pay to Party B increased costs.
5.3 Party A and Party B shall promptly handle the concealed work inspection procedures of pre-acceptance in the middle of the project. If Party A do not organize covert acceptance in time, Party B can make self-inspection and Party A shall admit the result. If Party A requires the re-inspection, Party B shall be in accordance with the requirements for the re-inspection. If the re-inspection result is acceptable, Party A shall bear the re-inspection fee and the project duration can be extended accordingly; if re-inspection result is not acceptable, the re-inspection and reworking costs shall be borne by Party B, and the project duration shall also be extended accordingly.
5.4If materials provided by Party A for the construction do not meet the necessary requirements, Party A shall bear responsibility for any resulting delays in the completion of the project.
5.5 If the quality of Party B's work results in any accidents, liability for such accidents shall be borne by Party B.
5.6 When the Project is ready for final acceptance, Party B shall submit to Party A the full as-built documentations and completion acceptance report. Party A shall organize the acceptance within 5 day after receiving all the documents. When Party A can not conduct the acceptance within the time specified in the Contract, Party A shall inform Party B without delay and determine another date for the acceptance. Party A, however, shall admit the completion date of the Decoration Project and be liable for the expenses for taking care of the construction by Party B and other relevant expenses.
6. Contract Prices & Settlement
6.1 The Parties agree to determine the contract price pursuant to mode below:
(1) Fixed price
(2) Fixed price, combined with / % risk rate (including / )
(3) Adjustable price: make adjustments and settlement according to relevant state regulations
6.2 Party A shall make payments after the Contract comes into effect. Final payment will be made after completion of the project.
6.3 After final acceptance of construction, Party B will make the engineering settlement and transfer the relevant documents to Party A. Party A shall complete reviewing of the documents within / days. Where Party A fails to raise an objection, its consent shall be deemed to have been given. The final payment shall be made within / days.
7. Material supplies
7.1Party A is in charge of purchasing the supplied materials and equipments (refer to Annex). The materials shall be qualified and meet the design requirements, and be delivered to the scene in time. If Party B is responsible for picking up the materials, Party A shall hand over delivery documents to Party B and let Party B bear the transportation expense. Party A shall be responsible for the damages to the project caused by quality problems or specification differences of the materials and equipment supplied by Party A. Party B is responsible for storage of materials provided by Party A, and Party A shall pay / % of the material value as the storage fee. Party B shall be responsible for the compensation associated with the loss caused by improper storage of Party B.
7.2Materials provided by Party B: Any materials or equipment supplied by Party B which do not meet the design and construction requirements are prohibited. If the materials have been used, the loss caused shall be assumed by Party B.
8. Safe Production and Fire Regulations
8.1 Construction drawings provided by Party A or practice that should comply with the fire regulations of the People's Republic of China and the relevant fire safety rules.
8.2 Party B should strictly abide by Engineering Safety Technical Regulations for Construction and Installation, Safety Operation Procedures,Fire Control Regulation and other relevant laws and regulations.
8.3 Party A shall bear all the resulting economic losses if the drawings or instructions violate the safety operating rules, fire control and fire prevention design specifications.
8.4 Party B shall bear all the resulting economic losses if its construction process violates the safety operating rules, fire control and fire prevention design specifications.
9. Rewards and Liabilities for Breach of the Contract
9.1If Party A causes any delays to the completion of this project, then Party A must pay to Party B for each day beyond the scheduled completion date. A fine of will be imposed in respect of each day that the payment is overdue.
9.2 If Party B causes any delays to the completion of this project, then Party B must pay to Party A for each day beyond the scheduled completion date. If the project needs to be completed ahead of the time limit, a reward of will be provided by Party A in respect of each day before the scheduled completion date.
9.3 If all or parts of the project reach to the excellent standard, Party A will pay to Party B as a reward.
9.4 Party B shall protect the equipments provided by Party A, furniture, furnishings and finished products placed on site. If losses are caused, Party B shall bear the compensation responsibility.
9.5 If Party A instructs Party B to make any alterations to a load bearing wall and Party A has not sought and received permission from the building property management, Party A shall be responsible for any resulting costs and shall indemnify Party B for any additional expenses incurred.
9.6If Party B makes any unauthorized changes to load bearing walls or building pipelines and such changes result in damages or loss, it shall be the responsibility of Party B to pay for such loss.
9.7 Party A shall be responsible for any extra costs incurred due to his use of the property before the final completion meeting and signing of the “Engineering Quality Acceptance” document.
9.8 If a party suspends its performance, it shall timely notify the other party and be liable for all losses thus incurred to the other party.
10. Deputes
10.1If there is any dispute between the two parties, the parties should solve through negotiation or submit any disputes to the relevant departments without influencing the project progress.
10.2 If the parties are reluctant to settle the dispute through consultation or mediation or they fail in settling the dispute thereby, they may apply to Changzhou Arbitration Committee for
arbitration in accordance with the arbitral clause in the contract or in accordance with the written arbitration agreement reached between them subsequently. The parties concerned may bring the action directly before the people's court in the absence of an arbitration clause in the contract or in the absence of a written arbitration agreement concluded afterwards.
11. Final Clauses
12. Supplementary Provisions
12.1Project quality warranty or insurance shall be settled by both parties through concluding agreement.
12.2 This contract will be printed and signed in duplicate and each party shall keep 1 copy.
12.3 This Contract shall automatically terminate and expire upon the full performance
12.4 Annex
(1) Construction drawings or instructions
(2) Project schedule
(3) Project budget statement
(4) List of materials provided by Party A
(5) Meeting minutes
(6) Design changes
(7) Others
Party A (Stamp): Party B (Stamp):
科技英语的语篇功能与翻译 张志强 一、语有变体 多年来,译界对翻译的实质、标准等问题一直存有分歧,究其原因,除了翻译活动的复杂性以及论者观察分析的角度、方法、侧重点不同外,还有所译语料的多样性。人们在谈翻译时,实际上常常是在谈各自心中、笔下的文学作品或是产品说明的翻译。随着现代语言研究的深入,人们越来越感到了把一种语言按语域或语体来加以区分的必要性和重要性。卡特福德在其《翻译的语言学理论》一书中指出,“一种语言”是一个太过宽泛、纷杂的概念,它对于语言描述、比较或教学等的研究都不实用,必须划分出一种语言的若干变体分别加以探讨才行。刘宓庆先生在其《文体与翻译》一书中,将英语划分成六种文体:新闻报刊、论述、公文、描述与叙述、科技和应用文体,在按语体对翻译进行分类研究方面,做了极有意义的尝试。彼特?纽马克在其《翻译教程》中,按照一些语言学家对语言功能的划分,将文本划分为三类;第一类是用来表达情感的,主要有抒情诗、小说、戏剧、政治演讲、自传、散文、私人信函等;第二类是用来传递信息的,其中有教材,科技报告、报刊文章、科研论文等;第三类是具有呼唤祈使功能的,包括通知、说明书、广告、宣传册、劝导性文章及通俗小说等。纽马克同时指出,一个文本的功能很少是单一的,甚至多数文本是三种功能皆有的,但其中必有一种是最为突出的。如果按话题(top ic )来分类的话,那么所有的文本大致可分为以下三类:(1)文学,(2)公文,(3)科技。当然,纽马克的分类不尽合理,其他学者还有不同的分类,这里不一一提及。总而言之,英语已不再是“一种英语”,而是English 2 es 。英语随着话语范围或曰语场(field of dis 2 cou rse )话语方式或曰语式(m ode of dis 2cou rse )和话语用意或曰语旨(teno r of dis 2cou rse )的不同,产生出了不同的语域和与之 相对应的语言变体,这些语体各有其语言特征,翻译时必须对这些特征有所认识和把握,才能更好地实现语际意义转换,达到功能对等,更好地发挥译文的作用。 二、科技英语 科技英语,En lish fo r Science and T ech 2no logy ,A .J .H erbert 谓之techn ical En 2hglish ,G .C .T ho rn ley 谓之Scien tific Eng 2lish ,它是英语的科技语体,普遍认为它是随 着现代科学技术的迅猛发展而诞生于本世纪50年代。但什么是科技英语呢?《中国翻译》 在1994年以前,还将一些研讨经贸翻译的文章置于“科技翻译”栏目下,而以后又将经贸翻译另列专栏,可见对它的界定我们并非一直很清楚。刘宓庆先生在谈到科技英语的文体范畴时指出,它可以泛指一切论及科学和技术的书面语和口语,包括科技著述、论文、报告、各类科技情报、科技实用手段的结构描述和操作描述,有关科技问题的会谈、会议、交谈的用语以及有关科技的影片、录相等有声资料的解说词等等。笔者认为,这种界定似乎仍显宽泛,还是将“论及”改为“专论”的好。此外,让我们将注意力集中在书面语上,因为书面语与我们这里所谈的笔译关系最为密切。那么,科技英语书面语有何特点呢?或者按照韩礼德所说,有何语域标志(register m arker )呢? 从词汇、语法和修辞方面对科技英语加以分析,其特点可概括如下:(1)专业术语较 ? 8?上海科技翻译 S hang hai J ou rnal of T ranslators f or S cience and T echnology 1997N o .3
合同 编号：日期： 买受人： 出售人： 本合同由买卖双方订立，根据本合同规定的条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售下述商品： 1.货名，规格，数量 2.单价，总价 3.生产国和制造商 4.包装 用坚固的新木箱包装，适宜长途海运，并具备良好的防潮，防震，防锈，耐粗暴搬运能力，由于包装不当而引起的货物损坏或由于防护措施不善而引起货物锈蚀，卖方应赔偿由此而造成的全部损失费用。 5.唛头 卖方应在每件包装上，用不褪色油墨清楚地标刷件号、尺码、毛重、净重、“此端向上”、“小心轻放”、“切勿受潮” 等字样。 6．运日期 7.装运港 8.目的港
9.保险装运后由买方投保。 10.支付条件 ⑴信用证付款，买方在收到卖方根据合同第12条规定的提前装运的通知后，应于运输的15日到20日之前，按货物总金额的全部。通过_______（银行），设立以卖方为受益人的不可撤销的信用证。卖方凭本合同第11条规定的装运单据及开出的即期汇票提交给开证银行贷款，信用证的有效期至货物运装后15天为止。 ⑵托收付款，卖方应把合第11条所规定的由_______(银行)开具的装运单据转交买方。 ⑶根据合同第11条货款应在收据收到的7天前生效。 11.单据 ⑴卖方应将下列单据提交付款银行托收付款，若以信汇付款，下列单据应寄买方： (a)填写通知目的口岸对外贸易运输公司的空白抬头、空白背 书的全套已装船的清洁提单，注明“运费到付”，并通知货口岸___________公司。 (b)发票五份，注明合同号，唛头。(唛头在一份以上，发票 需独立出具)。 (c)五份发票需注明货物重量，编号和发票相应的日期。 (d)按照本合同第16条第一项规定，提交由制造厂签发的质 量和数量/重量证明书及检验报告各两份。
汉译英 1.卖方将尽力在交货期内包装好所有货物。 The seller will endeavor to complete all packaging within time for the delivery date. 2.买方承担在货物运输和销售中的成本和费用。32 The buyer is responsible for the costs and charges incurred in the sale and transport of the goods. 3.卖方将一次性发送货物。到交货地的运输方式将由卖方决定。33 The seller will deliver the goods in a single shipment. The mode of transport to the point of delivery is at the seller’s discretion. 4.卖方应尽一切努力启运货物以便能及时交货。 The seller will make every effort to commence transport of the goods so that they will arrive by the delivery date. 5.如果推迟交货，卖方应立即告知买方推迟交货，预定的交货期和耽搁的理由。 If there is any delay, the seller will immediately notify the buyer of the delay, the expected time for delivery, and the reason for the delay. 买方有权就新的交货日期与卖方进行重新磋商，双方将以书面形式在协议上写下所做出的修改。或者，买方有权通知卖方终止合同。 The buyer will then have the option to renegotiate with the seller for a new delivery date, which the parties will confirm in writing as a modification to this agreement, or to notify the seller that the agreement is terminated. 6.为了自己的利益，买方将为运输中的货物投保。34 The buyer will obtain and pay, on its own account, for all insurance on the goods while in transit. 7.在货物运输前，保险人将把保险证明，如保单或由保险人所出具的其他证明交给买方。 Evidence of this insurance, in the form of a copy of the policy or other statement provided by the insurer, will be provided to the buyer before the goods are shipped. 8.买卖双方为自己的利益为货物所投保的险种将由其自行负担费用。 Each party is responsible for obtaining on its own account any other insurance coverage for the goods that he may desire. 9.如果买方已向卖方付款，在货物到达纽约港时货物的所有权将转移至买方。 Title to the goods will pass to the buyer at the time the goods are delivered to New York port provided the buyer has transmitted payment to the seller by that time. 10.如果延迟装运是由于买方无法及时提供此类证据，在这种情况下，卖方不违约。 If shipment is delayed because the buyer fails to furnish such proof timely, the seller will not be deemed to have breached the contract. 11.买方同意货物被运送到美国，并同意货物不会被运往其它国家。买方也不会在货物到达美国后再出口。 The buyer covenants that the goods will be shipped to and delivered in US and that the buyer will not ship or deliver the goods to any other country, nor will the buyer re-export the goods after delivery in US. 12.买方有权在卖方的营业地检验或让其代理人检验货物。36 The buyer is entitled to inspect, or to have its agent inspect, the goods at the seller’s place of business. 13.在交货后90天内，卖方可免费为买方换任何有瑕疵的货物，由此所产生的运输费用由卖方承担。 Within 90 days after delivery, the seller will replace free of charges, including the cost of transportations, any part of the goods found defective. 14.卖方应补偿买方任何由此类诉讼所承担的责任、支付的赔偿、花费及诉讼费用。37 The seller will indemnify the buyer against any liability, damage, or expenses incurred in connection with any such suit and will pay any judgment entered against the buyer in such suit. 15.这一协议的生效条件是：买方获得美国政府部门签发的进口许可证,卖方获得中国政府部门签发的出口许可证。38 This agreement is subject to the issuance of an import license to the buyer by the appropriate agency of US government and the issuance of an export license to the seller by the appropriate agency of China government. 16.如果任何一方通知另一方不想或不能履行协议，收到通知的一方有权撤销协议。 If either party notifies the other party that it will not, or is unable to, perform this agreement the party receiving notices is entitled to cancel the agreement. 17.为了使撤销有效，撤销的一方应通知另一方协议已撤销。撤销的日期是收到不履行协议通知的日期。 To make the cancellation effective, the party seeking to cancel must give notice to the other party that the agreement is deemed canceled. The date of the cancellation will be the date on which the party receives the notice of the nonperformance.
Contract of Construction Project 合同编号：Contract Number: 工程名称：Project Name: 发包方（甲方）：工程设计顾问（北京） Employer (Party A): International Consulting Engineers ( Beijing) Limited 承包方（乙方）：中寰艺高建筑装饰工程有限公司 Contractor (Party B): Zhong Huanyigao Building Decoration Engineering Co. , Ltd 根据《中华人民共和国合同法》和《建筑安装工程承包合同条例》及有关规定，为明确双方在施工过程中的权利、义务和经济责任，经双方协商同意签订本合同。 In order to make definite of the rights, obligations and economic responsibilities of both parties during the construction, the parties, in accordance with The PRC Contract Law and Construction Engineering Contract Regulations and relevant provisions, agree to sign this contract. 第一条工程项目Article 1, Project item 1．工程地点：Project site: 2. 工程范围：Scope of project 3. 工程造价：人民币元整(该造价为包工包料价) Project cost: PMB Yuan only(Cost of this contract is the contract price for labor and materials) 第二条施工准备Article 2, Preparation for construction 1．甲方协助乙方办理临时水电及垂直运输,提供建筑图纸及有关隐蔽障碍物的资料。 Party A shall assists party B to deal with the procedures of temporary hydropower and vertical transportation and provide architectural drawings and documents of relevant concealed obstacles . 2．乙方：. Party B: ①负责施工区域的临时设施、水电管线的铺设、管理、使用和维修工作； Be responsible for the works of laying, management, use and maintenance of the temporary facilities, water and electricity pipeline in the construction area. ②组织施工管理人员和材料、施工机械进场； Organize construction management staff and construction materials, construction machinery enter the Site. ③负责在装修期间保持公共地方清洁及每天负责将装物料弃置于由管理处指定的垃圾收集
forced concrete structure reinforced with an overviewRein Since the reform and opening up, with the national economy's rapid and sustained development of a reinforced concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced technology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significance. Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteristics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working environment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency. 1、steel mechanical link 1.1 radial squeeze link Will be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment (squeeze tongs) along steel sleeve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressure role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liang's Position will be two solid steel bars linked Characteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performance reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and tired load repeatedly.
基于语篇视角的科技文本翻译教学技巧探 析 【摘要】本文旨在从语篇和动态翻译意识的角度，提出针对科技文本的翻译教学技巧。分析结果显示，翻译技巧教学应当从培养学生的跨文化意识、语境意识、专业知识意识与语句结构意识着手，最终使学生的科技文本翻译能力得到提升。 【关键词】科技文本；语篇视角；翻译技巧教学 0 引言 由于经济全球化与科技的日益发达，不同国家间的科技交流愈来愈频繁，因此对科技文本翻译服务的要求也日益增强。“科技英语是用来描述自然界、科技界所发生事的规律、特点与过程的语言”，（陈桂琴，2005）其主要任务就是准确传播科技知识，实现科技交流，追求译文内容的精确与规范应是科技翻译的核心与第一要义。但翻译市场的需求与翻译人才供给之间却出现了断层，如今高校翻译技巧教学大部分仍然注重传统翻译技巧的传输，拘泥于词句层面，不能有效传递科技信息。 1 语篇与翻译关系概述 Beaugrande将语篇定义为：语篇语言学将覆盖符号学
的语言范畴，研究从一个词组成的语篇到形成一篇著作语篇的过程。翻译是一种跨文化的语言交际过程，而“语言交际总是以语篇的形式出现。” （Wilss，2001），因此翻译又可被称为“由源语语篇诱发的译语语篇的生成过程。” （Neubert，1992）译语语篇必须符合译语规范。传统翻译研究总结出了许多技巧，这些技巧同样被运用在科技翻译中，但传统的翻译技巧忽视整体语义和功能的对等，而语篇视角恰恰能解决这个问题。语篇是指有独立语用意义和交际意义的语言单位，在形式上可以是大篇幅，也可以是一个词或词组。因此，译者在进行科技文本翻译时只有从语篇视角出发，使原文暗含的语义得到透彻解读，再对译文语句与语用进行合理构建，以达到最大程度地准确传达原语意义的目的。 2 科技文本翻译技巧教学探析 语篇视角作为从宏观角度看待翻译过程的基点，应当被当作“工具”用于科技文本翻译教学技巧探究，并结合科技文本的内容特点，以培养学生文本整体意识为目的，这一目的的培养又要以树立学生文化意识、语境意识、专业知识意识与语句结构意识为途径。 2.1 跨文化意识培养 “文化语境是社会结构的产物，是整个语言系统的环境。”（胡壮麟，1989）语篇、语言与文化背景三者之间既
编号：_______________本资料为word版本，可以直接编辑和打印，感谢您的下载 英语合同的特点和翻译 甲方：___________________ 乙方：___________________ 日期：___________________
一.用词特点与翻译要点 合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性1.要求选词专业化（professional）,正式（formal）. 准确（accurate）.具体体现在下列方面： 1, may, shall, must, may not （或shall not）的使用 may旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么），shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候）， must用于强制性义务（必须做什么），may not（或shall not）用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）。May not do在美国一些法律文件可以用shall not,但绝不能用can not do或must not，但 may do不能。 2, 用语正式（formal） 合同英语有着严肃的风格，如"因为"的短语多用" by virtue of ",远远多于"due to" 一般不用a because of;" 财务年度末 "一般用"at the close of the fiscal year",而不用"in the end of the fiscal year";"在之前"一 般用 ................... "prior to ",而不用"before"; 关于 "常用" as regards’, concerning '或"relating to ",而不会用"about";"事实上" 用"in effect",而不用"in fact":"开始" 用 "commencement",而不用"start"或"begin";"停止做" 用"cease to do",而不用"stop to do";何时开会并由某 某主持"的表述为：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 其中"召开" 不用"hold 或call",而用"convene";"主持’不用"chair" 或"be in charge of "而用"preside";"其他事项" 用"miscellaneous",而不用"other matters/events"; 理解合同"用"construe a contract"或"comprehend a contract"或"comprehend a contract",而不用"understand a contract";"认为"用"deem",用"consider"少，不用”think”或"believe". 3, 用词专业（technical） 合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移，它是合同语言准确表达的保障。如合同出现的” 瑕疵”，”救济“，“不可抗力”，“管辖”，“毁损”，“失业”等就可能让非行业人士费 解，在英语以上表达分另U为defect ,remedy, force 马绝热，jurisdiction , damage and/or loss。 另夕卜几乎每个合同者E 少不了hereinafter referred to as, whereas, in witness whereof, for and on behalf of, hereby,用"compensation"; 不动产转让 " 用"conveyance",而不用"transfer of real estate";"房屋出租"用"tendency",而"财产出租"用"lease of property";"停止"用"wind up a business" 或"cease （名词是cessation） a business,而不用"end/stop a business"; 依照合同相关规定“或一般说"pursuant to provisions contained herein"或"as provided herein" 等，不说'according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract ”。 4, 同义词，近义词，相关词的并列使用 英文合同出于严谨和杜绝漏洞的考虑，made and entered into", by and between", for and in consideration of", covenants and agreements", 6n the terms and subject to the conditions" terms and conditions" "release and discharge' 5, 古英语与外来词的应用（borrowing words） 使用古英语最为突出的是较多使用here, there, where加后缀in, by after, from 等介词构成的 词。在法律文件中用这些词，可以避免重复，避免歧义，使行文准确，简洁。常用例词 如下: hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, hereto, hereunder, hereupon, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter, thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith, whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon, etc. 合同中也会使用一些外来词汇，常用的有拉丁语和法语词汇。如比例税率：用pro rate tax rate要比proportional tax rate多；从事慈善性服务的律师：pro bono lawyer,不经常用lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance, 委托代理人多用agent ad litem
商务合同英译的注意事项(实例版) 前言 英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。 本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。 一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：从此以后、今后：hereafter；此后、以后：thereafter；在其上：thereonthereupon；在其下：thereunder；对于这个：hereto；对于那个：whereto；在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。 例1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 例2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China. 二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语 英译商务合同时，常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的，是提高英译质量的关键因素之一，现把常用且易混淆的七对词语，用典型实例论述如下。 2.1 shipping advice与shipping instruction sshipping advice是“装运通知”，是由出口商(卖主)发给进口商(买主)的。然而shipping instructions则是“装运须知”，是进口商(买主)发给出口商(卖主)的。另外要注意区分 vendor(卖主)与vendee(买主)，consignor(发货人)与consignee(收货人)。上述这三对词语在英译时、极易发生笔误。 2.2abide by与comply with
AGREEMENT FOR XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX BETWEEN AND
THIS AGREEMENT is made onXX/XX/2011，by and between . （hereinafter called “The employer”）and Company Ltd. （hereinafter called “The contractor”）. WHEREAS: 1.The employer is desirous of carrying out the (hereinafter referred to as “The Works”) 2.The contractor has agreed to execute the said work in strict compliance with the terms of this Agreement. NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS: http://biz.doczj.com/doc/8715498468.html,mencement: This Agreement shall commence on the date first above written. 2.Location of work：The employer’s worksite in . 3.Scope of work：The contractor shall undertake the . 4.Period of completion： The work shall be completed within a period of days from the date first above written as commencement date in this agreement. 5.Contract sum：The total value of the contract shall be the sum N Naira only. 6.Mode of payment: First installment：The employer shall pay to the contractor ninety five percent of the total price, i.e. Naira only upon completion of the work. Second installment: The employer shall pay to the contractor five percent
专业资料 学院： 专业：土木工程 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：Structural Systems to resist (用外文写) Lateral loads 附件：1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 抗侧向荷载的结构体系 常用的结构体系 若已测出荷载量达数千万磅重，那么在高层建筑设计中就没有多少可以进行极其复杂的构思余地了。确实，较好的高层建筑普遍具有构思简单、表现明晰的特点。 这并不是说没有进行宏观构思的余地。实际上，正是因为有了这种宏观的构思，新奇的高层建筑体系才得以发展，可能更重要的是：几年以前才出现的一些新概念在今天的技术中已经变得平常了。 如果忽略一些与建筑材料密切相关的概念不谈，高层建筑里最为常用的结构体系便可分为如下几类： 1.抗弯矩框架。 2.支撑框架，包括偏心支撑框架。 3.剪力墙，包括钢板剪力墙。 4.筒中框架。 5.筒中筒结构。 6.核心交互结构。 7. 框格体系或束筒体系。 特别是由于最近趋向于更复杂的建筑形式，同时也需要增加刚度以抵抗几力和地震力，大多数高层建筑都具有由框架、支撑构架、剪力墙和相关体系相结合而构成的体系。而且，就较高的建筑物而言，大多数都是由交互式构件组成三维陈列。 将这些构件结合起来的方法正是高层建筑设计方法的本质。其结合方式需要在考虑环境、功能和费用后再发展，以便提供促使建筑发展达到新高度的有效结构。这并
不是说富于想象力的结构设计就能够创造出伟大建筑。正相反，有许多例优美的建筑仅得到结构工程师适当的支持就被创造出来了，然而，如果没有天赋甚厚的建筑师的创造力的指导，那么，得以发展的就只能是好的结构，并非是伟大的建筑。无论如何，要想创造出高层建筑真正非凡的设计，两者都需要最好的。 虽然在文献中通常可以见到有关这七种体系的全面性讨论，但是在这里还值得进一步讨论。设计方法的本质贯穿于整个讨论。设计方法的本质贯穿于整个讨论中。 抗弯矩框架 抗弯矩框架也许是低，中高度的建筑中常用的体系，它具有线性水平构件和垂直构件在接头处基本刚接之特点。这种框架用作独立的体系，或者和其他体系结合起来使用，以便提供所需要水平荷载抵抗力。对于较高的高层建筑，可能会发现该本系不宜作为独立体系，这是因为在侧向力的作用下难以调动足够的刚度。 我们可以利用STRESS，STRUDL 或者其他大量合适的计算机程序进行结构分析。所谓的门架法分析或悬臂法分析在当今的技术中无一席之地，由于柱梁节点固有柔性，并且由于初步设计应该力求突出体系的弱点，所以在初析中使用框架的中心距尺寸设计是司空惯的。当然，在设计的后期阶段，实际地评价结点的变形很有必要。 支撑框架 支撑框架实际上刚度比抗弯矩框架强，在高层建筑中也得到更广泛的应用。这种体系以其结点处铰接或则接的线性水平构件、垂直构件和斜撑构件而具特色，它通常与其他体系共同用于较高的建筑，并且作为一种独立的体系用在低、中高度的建筑中。
英文翻译合同书 英文翻译->合同书 合同编号：甲方全名：乙方全名：中国专家网络有限公司法定地址：法定地址：深圳市人民南路XX号发展中心大厦31F电话/传真：电话/传真：（0755）82209555 甲乙双方经友好协商，就资料翻译服务事宜签订此合同。合同中价格以人民币为单位（含税）。 一、甲方委托乙方将主题为_______________资料由__________文译成__________文，资料共计为字（终以实际的翻译字数为准），甲方同意为此交付对应的服务费用。 二、交稿日期及方式：从合同生效日（即甲方支付翻译费定金日）开始的_____天内（不包括周六，周日），也就是XX年_____月_____日起至XX年_____月_____日止。如果实际的翻译字数超过了合同约定字数，则按每日平均_____字的速度顺延。如果乙方在合同期内未能完成该翻译项目，则乙方必须按照甲方指定的日期内完成未完成的部分（即该部分免费）。如果仍未按时完成，则甲方有权仅支付乙方翻译费用总额的50%。稿件交付方式为_____。为减轻双方核算的麻烦，双方在此同意，乙方交稿后，甲方在两日内（确认期）对其予以确认，包括数量和质量。超过两日甲方未做任何答复，则视为甲方对乙方所交付的翻译稿件为可接受之稿件。 三、译稿形式：译稿以中文版文件形式交付，乙方负责
所有翻译后的录入、排版和校对工作。交稿时乙方必须向甲方提供两种文档即电子文档和物理文档。即除了交付磁盘文件外，乙方还必须为甲方准备简单装订后的一套打印件（与相应的原文装订在一起）。 四、费用计算方法：按中文版\"字数\"的统计数字为准。翻译费用为（大写）__________千字，（小写）元/千字。 五、付款：甲方在交付翻译原稿的同时交付翻译定金，为总额的30%，即_____元，取得全部译文资料的两天内甲方应全额支付整个翻译款项。 六、原文版权：甲方保证其提供的资料有正当来源，保证其享有对该资料的翻译权，据此， 翻译行为将不会侵犯第三方的版权或著作权，亦不会侵犯第三方的其它任何权利。 七、译文版权：翻译后形成的资料版权属甲方。 八、质量保证：甲方向乙方提供原稿后，乙方必须在最快的时间内将整个翻译项目的进度 计划提供于甲方参考，同时就翻译项目中出现的一些疑问提出咨询。甲方有义务回答 这些咨询。乙方保证其所交付的译稿在制作上及工艺上均无缺陷。关于译稿与原文在含义上的一致性，乙方在本合同下为此做全面保证。乙方不保证使用该译文一定可达到何种结果，亦不对由此产生的直接或间接的结果负责，甲方如
工程编号： ___________________ Project No.: ___________________ 合同编号： ___________________ Contract No.: __________________ 建设工程施工合同 Con structi on Con tract for Con structi on Projects (GF-2013-0201 ) 工程名称： Name of project: 工程地点： Locati on of project: 发包人： Clie nt: 承包人：
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