一．名词：可数/不可数可数名词要么前有冠词，要么后有s：一个苹果；一本书；两位学生可数名词单数变复数规则：正常情况+S(以S,X,SH,CH结尾es)翻译：两张桌子desk：三个盒子box：六把刷子brush：两场比赛match:注意：集合名词1.可单数可复数：形式为单数，但意义可以用为单数或复数这类集合名词包括family(家庭），team(队)，class(班)，audience(听众)等，其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。
比较并体会：His family is large. 他的家是个大家庭。
His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。
This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。
This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。
2.形式为单数，但意义永远为复数这类集合名词包括cattle(牛，牲畜)，people(人)，police(警察)等，其用法特点为：只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义。
The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。
Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。
注：表示牲畜的头数，用单位词head(单复数同形)。
如：five head of cattle 5头牛，fifty (head of ) cattle 50头牛不可数名词：谓语动词用单数物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如:air ,water...抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work...baggage / luggage(行李), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景),jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等, 其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。
二．代词1.人称代词The teacher said he was very proud of us and we all like him very much.2.物主代词My shirt is blue. His shirt is red. Which of them do you like? Either is ok ,I like their styles.3.反身代词He teach himself in spare time.Be yourself, please.4.指示代词5.不定代词：both /all /each /every /either /neither /none /another /other / the other(one ....the other)Others=other+名词复数The others=the other+名词复数三、动词动词做谓语1.实义动词：表示实际动作（时态）一般现在时：我写作业。
他写作业。
一般过去：昨天晚上，我在写作业。
一般将来：我打算去写作业。
现在进行：我正在写作业。
I my homework now.过去进行：昨天晚上新闻联播时，我正在写作业。
I my homework when the news broadcast last night.将来进行时：一会儿你去打球的时候，我正在写作业。
I my homework when you go to play ball.现在完成时：我刚刚完成我的作业。
过去完成时：当我到达车站时火车已开走了。
The train （start）when I （get）to the station.动词练习1. [2017新课标卷I] When fat and salt _ (remove)from food,the food tastes as if missing something.2. [2017新课标卷I] Fast food _(be)full of fat and salt.3.[2017 新课标卷II] But at the moment,school (come)first.I don’ t want to get too absorbed in modeling.4. [2016新课标卷II]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.5.On Monday mornings it usually _(take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.6.If we (not act)now to protect the environment,we'll live to regret it.7.The manager_ (tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.8.It (rain)heavily now.The city will be flooded if it (not stop)soon.9. "Life is like walking in the snow' ,Granny used to say, because every step (show).10.They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house (rebuild).2.系动词+adj.Be 动词感官动词look seem appear feel taste smell sound表保持remain keep stay表变化turn go become get fall grow3.情态动词can/could may/might must will/would shall/should4.助动词be do does have/has will/would做非谓语To do（表目的，将要做）/doing（逻辑主语主动）/done（被动）常见出题方式：（动词）...，句子.（work）out the maths problems, I was very happy.（work）out the maths problems, I have consulted my teacher several times.(catch) by the police,the thief hung his head.句子，（动词）....She went out, (leave) her baby by itself.He got up late and hurried to his office, (leave) the breakfast untouched. 接to do的动词attempt企图afford负担得起arrange安排appear似乎，显得 ask问 agree同意 believe 认为、相信begin开始beg请求 bother扰乱/烦恼care关心，喜欢 choose选择 claim要求 consent同意，赞同 contrive设法，图谋demand要求 destine注定 determine决定dread害怕 desire愿望 decide决定 enable能够 expect期望 endeavor努力fail不能hate憎恨/厌恶 happen碰巧 hesitate犹豫 hope希望 intend想要 incline有…倾向long渴望 love爱 learn学习 mean意欲，打算manage设法neglect忽视need需要omit 忽略，漏 offer提供 pretend假装 plan计划 prefer喜欢/宁愿 prepare准备 profess 表明 promise承诺/允许 propose提议refuse拒绝swear宣誓 start开始 seek找/寻觅try试图undertake承接 volunteer志愿 vow起 wish希望 want想要注意：主动省略to的动词：一感（feel）二听(hear, listen to)三让(let, have, make)四看( see,notice,observe,watch,look at)被动还原toI saw him dance.（整个跳舞的过程）I saw him dancing.（我看见他时，他正在跳舞。
强调动作正在发生）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found to smoke in the kitchen.接Doing的常见动词：avoid避免 appreciate感激/欣赏 acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认 advocate提倡/主张 consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了 contemplate细想complete 完成 confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate 讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand 坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受 worth值得有些动词后使用doing和to do的意思上有差别forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事(已做)regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法mean to do打算，有意要… mean doing意味着go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建议（做某事）四、形容词（修饰名词）冠词+形容词+名词-ed形容词-ing形容词Interested interestingExcited exciting比较级+than 比较级and 比较级五、副词（修饰动词/形容词）考点：adj. adv.正常状况：直接加ly rare--rarely obvious--obviously以le结尾：去e加y possible--possibly comfortable--comfotably以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i再加ly easy---easily lucky--luckily六、介词1.表示地点：at ,in, on, to, above, over,below, under, beside, behind , between2.表示时间：in , on，at, after, from, since for, behind3.表示运动：across, through, past, to, towards, onto, into, up, down4.表示进行：at, under, on5.表示其他：on, about, by, with, in...七、连词一）、并列连词1、and 和，那么，渐渐；2、or 或，否则，不管是…，还是；3、but 但是，而是，的确…但；nor 也不4、so 也是，因此，所以，那么，这样看来；5、for 因为（表示推测），由于；二）、相关连词1、both A and B 既是A又是B；2、either A or B 不是A 就是B；3、neither A nor B 既不是A也不是B ，两者皆非；4、not only A but also B 不但A而且B；5、A as well as B 不但A而且B , 与，和；三）、准连词1、而且besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition;2、然而yet, still, however, nevertheless;3、否则else, otherwise;4、因此所以thus, hence, therefore, accordingly, consequently;四）、引导名词从句的连词1、从属连词that, whether, if;2、疑问连词what, which, who/whom/whose;3、疑问副词when, where, why, how;4、复合关系代词whatever, whoever, whomever;五）、引导定语从句的连词1、关系代词who (whom whose), which, that, as;2、关系副词when, where, why;3、关系形容词which, whose八、数词基数词/序数词分数的表达方式：1.子基母序，分子大于一，分母用复数，分子为一可用one/a；1/2说：one/a half2.Percent 百分比3.用part表示名词part有“……分之一”的意思，分子大于1时，part用复数。