Ex. 2
混乱
天生的
无辜的
◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.
◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. ◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例 猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有for instance, for example, such as: such, like, especially, include, consist of 等
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.
圆胖的,
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
1. Definition 定义法
猜 测 词 义
2. Contrast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Context 上下文 8. Common Sense 普通常识
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：
super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向)
Can you guess the right meanings?
B. in accordance with the law C. against the law
happy--unhappy
D. having nothing to do with the law
Eg. I’m going to buy a microbus.
micro+bus 微型公共汽车
This

◎ The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.
―Getting the cold shoulder‖ means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder– a ―cold‖ shoulder.
(n. 牧羊人)
●信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ,that is, that is to say,in other words,----- (破折号)等.蚊子 沙漠
A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.
Ex. 1
木匠
动物学家
脊椎动物
青春期
◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎They are vertebrates,that is ,animals have backbones.
(n. 电器用具)
装置
家禽
Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes.
On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
6. Word Formation 构词法：
英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀） 和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本 的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或 后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原 词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头 和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测 出由其构成的新词的含义了。
D. feeding you cold meat
2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的 词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的信号词有yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of 等。
污秽的
节约的
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
A ．a bird B．an animal C. a star
Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got near． (n. 猫头鹰) A ．a bird B．an animal C. a star
2）
The children are looking at an ape at the zoo． A A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree C．a kind of bird C The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo． (n. 猿) A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree A C．a kind of bird
(adj. 大的)
因果关系
弹性的
混浊的
信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
The expression ―getting the cold shoulder‖ means ____.
A. being treated rudely by paying no attention to you B. greeting you friendly C. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you
Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
(v. 不同意)
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词（词组）或相似的 结构猜测词义。
Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.