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4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？
当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示 的动作之前发生，且分词表示的 动作由主语承受．
Having been praised for his job, Tom worked hard式 还是Having+done完成 式，要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺 序，在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式 现在分词表示先发生的动作。
–ing分词短语作结果状语。如：
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
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Because he was poor
2). Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (原因)
3. to tell you the truth,considering等是 固定搭配。不受主语影响。
4. Judging from his face, he was very
angry.
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• 现在分词作状语有四种形式 • 1.一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成． • 2.完成形式，由having+过去分词． • 3.进行被动式：由being＋过去分词 • 4.完成被动式：由having been＋过去分词
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• ⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的 动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动 作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式.
• Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
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2.现在分词何时用完成形 式？
• 当分词的动作是由主语发出， 而且发生在谓语动作之前，则 用分词的完成形式．
• =If we judge…
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• Considering his age, he was helped by the young fellow.
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注意：
1. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必修与 主句中主语一致。它们之间是主动关系。 被动则用V-ed.
2. 但是短语 generally speaking; judging from/by; compared with; supposing;
年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。
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使用- ing形式需注意的2个问题.
1、分词 (短语) 作状语时, 前后两个动作的主语
是同一个人。
2 、分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介
词。（when ;while; if ; though; unless 等）
3 3、分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not,
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可以表示时间, 原因, 结果, 条件, 行
为方式或伴随动作等。
If you use your head
1).Using your head, you’ll find a
good way. 条件状语
Working hard, you’ll surely
succeed.
If you work hard
• Having finished the class, she went home.
• =After she finished the class…
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3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？
• 当分词的动作由主语承受，而 且分词的动作与谓语动词同时 发生时．
• Being criticized by the employer, the new employee hung his head.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了 碎片。
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-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、 后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要 的动作。如：
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。 Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
构成
• 现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的 前面加not (never)
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1.现在分词何时用一般形 式?
• ⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而 且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词 的一般形式．
• He was ill and didn’t attend the meeting.
• =Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.
• He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground.
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• 分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻 辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用 来修饰全句
• Judging from his accent, he seemed to be from Hunan province.
。
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Because Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
If working hard, you’ll succeed.
Though getting up early, he didn’t catch the bus.
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现在分词作状语
-ing分词作状语可以表 示时间、原因、结果、 条件、让步、方式或伴 随情况等。
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While Reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
After having dinner, she went out for a walk. 吃完晚饭，她出去散步。
never等否定词构成。
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• 注意2：如果分词和句子没有 逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能 用单个的分词作状语，可以 用分词的独立主格结构或状 语从句．
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• 现在分词的独立结构为名词或代 词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的 逻辑主语
• Time permitting, I’ll call on you this Sunday.