（不）相符的表示方法 „ (to be) in good agreement with „ (to be) found to agree well with „ „ (to be) consistent with „ „ (to be) essentially identical with „ „ (to be) found to coincide essentially with „ „ (to be) closely analogous to „ „ (to be) similar to „ Good agreement (to be) found between „ „ (to be) contrary to „
表示具有某种影响，以及数量的依赖、增减关系的 句式： „ 与 „ 有关
„ （to be）correlated with „；associated with „；related to „；dependent upon „； independent of „；in relation to „；in a linear relationship with „；proportional to „；inversely proportional to „；„ depends on „；The dependence of „ on „；„ increase with the increase of „；„ decrease with the increase of „
• 英文摘要的写作经常使用被动语态，主要 是为了突出行为的对象，因为被叙述的对 象大多数是物而不是发出动作的人。另外， 为了避免使用第一人称，或避免突出作者 本人，常采用被动语态。 例如： In this paper,·· ·isdiscussed/studied/snalyzed 本文对·· ·进行了讨论、研究、分析
„ (to be) in contrast with „
表示结果解释、结论的句式 „ (to be) due to due to „ (to be) attributed to „ (may be) „ (to be) assigned to „ „ (to be) interpreted on the basis of „ can be caused by „ „ may be explained by „ „ originate in „ „ (to be) discussed in terms of „
表示实验要点的句式：
（to be） prepared by the reaction of „
with „；synthesized via reacting； obtained via condensation；by means of；by using；by the use of；using „ as „ over a wide range of „；over a broad composition range；over most of the range of „；over the entire „ range covered the ranges from „ to „；in the range of „；in the temperature range from „ to „；with a variety of „ contents containing „ percent or more „；in the； presence of „；in the absence of „
表示主要结论的句式：
用That 从句表示实验结果 The results indicated that „；The results show that „；The results demonstrated that „；The results reveal that „ 由It 引起的that 从句 It was shown that „；It can be seen that „；It was found that „；It was discovered that „；It was concluded that „；It has been demonstrated that „； It was clarified that „；It was revealed that „；It is considered that „；It was confirmed that „；It is suggested that „； It was supposed that „ It has become apparent that „
„
总结
• 从上述分析得出，由于被动和主动有紧密 的句法关系，所以被动语态在语篇主位的 选择上起着重要的作用，被动语态的显著 功能有助于EST语篇中主位的衔接。理解和 掌握被动语态在EST语篇中的应用，有助于 科技论文写作作者写出符合国际标准的论 文，对于读者来说也能更好的理解文章内 容，提高他们的阅读科技论文的兴趣。
被动语态ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้作用
• 被动语态可通过将受事移至主语位置， 来影响信息分布将预设变成断言、断言 变成预设在这过程中，被动语态可以起 到凸显话题、强调焦点，以及构建 It+be+v-ed+thatclause强调句型的作用。 • 被动语态可以使发话者有效地操控主位 选择，也就是说，被动语态通过将某一 成分移至主位位置，从而实现连接主位、 引入主位、保持主位和转换主位的功能。 被动语态增强了语篇的衔接，促进了语 篇的连贯 。
• 被动语态可以实现必要的分类别、比较、 对照和描述等这样，对科学概念的阐释或 者程序的说明便会显得更加准确、正式和 客观
• 被动语态通过对句子成分的前置或者后 置，实现了对主位的选择，从而形成了 英语科技语篇所特有的主位推进模式。 在构建英语科技语篇过程中，被动语态 不仅具有语篇功能，而且同时具有概念 功能和人际功能
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科技英语论文中常用被动句式
表示研究范围的句式： （to be）carried out；performed；made； conducted；studied；investigated； described；deal with；elucidated；given； presented；developed；employed；derived； prepared；synthesized；monitored； determined；measured；observed；recorded； examined；characterized；identified； tested；calculated；proposed；used to study；used；to establish；evaluated； discussed
• 例如： • Each terminal is packaged in an individual carton for protection during shipment. • 每台终端在装运时均包装在单个的防护纸箱里。 • The keys of the keyboard can be divided into three funtion groups. • 键盘的键可以划分为三个功能组。 • The serial number and model number of both the keyboard and display module are located on the buttom outside cover of each component. • 键盘和显示器的序号及型号位于每一部件的底部 外壳上。
被动语态在科技英语论文中的 应用
1.被动语态的作用 2.被动语态的特点 3.常用句型，短语 4.总结
电气0901 刘杰 吴晓松 电气0902 姜春辉 刘宇 蒋继荣
被动语态的特点
• 科技英语中，被动句用的较多，这是由 被动句的特点决定的。首先，被动句主 观色彩少，更富于客观性，很适合描述 客观事物；其次，被动句体现了一个 “先入为主”的原则，从而使被说明的 对象能引人们的注意；再次，是因为其 结构简洁，便于表达。