ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY: A GENERAL REVISION Part 1: Define the following terms. 1. English lexicology English lexicology is a branch ofl linguistics concerned with the vocabulary of the English language in respect to words and word equivalents. 2. word A word may be defined as a fundamental unit of speech and a minimum free form;with a unity of sound and meaning(both lexical and grammatical meaning),capable of performing a given syntactic function. 3. vocabulary 4. native words 5. loan words 6. common words 7. literary words 8. archaic words 9. poetical words 10. colloquial words 11. slang words 12. technical words 13. function words 14. content words 15. basic word stock 16. neologism 17. obsolete words 18. morpheme 19. allomorph 20. free morpheme 21. bound morpheme 22. root 23. free root 24. bound root 25. affix 26. inflextional affix 27. derivational affix 28. prefix 29. suffix 30. hybrid 31. simple word 32. word-formation rules 33. stem 34. base 35. compounding 36. compound 37. string compound 38. derivation 39. combining from 40. prefixation 2

41. suffixation 42. differentiating suffixes 43. conversion 44. functional shift 45. derivation by zero suffix 46. partial conversion 47. acronymy 48. initialism 49. acronym 50. clipping 51. blending 52. portmanteau word 53. back-formation 54. reduplication 55. words from proper names 56. neoclassical formation 57. conventionality 58. motivation 59. phonetic motivation 60. morphological motivation 61. semantic motivation 62. echoic word/onomatopoeic word 63. grammatical meaning 64. inflectional paradigm 65. lexical meaning 66. denotative meaning 67. connotative meaning 68. social or stylistic meaning 69. affective meaning 70. purr words 71. snarl words 72. componential anaylisis 73. semantic features/sense components 74. polysemy 75. primary meaning 76. cental meaning 77. radiation 78. concatenation 79. hmonymy 80. homonym 81. perfect homonym 82. homophone 83. homograph 84. synonymy 85. synonym 86. complete synonym 87. relative synonym 3

88. the double scale pattern of synonyms 89. the triple scale pattern of syonyms 90. antonmy 91. antonym 92. contraries 93. complementaries 94. conversives 95. root antonyms 96. derivational antonyms 97. marked member in tn antonymous pair 98. unmarked member in an antonymous pair 99. hyponymy 100. hyponym/subordinate 101. superordinate term/upper term 102. semantic field 103. context 104. linguistic context 105. lexical context 106. grammatical context 107. verbal context in its broad sense 108. extra-linguistic context/context of situation 109. ambiguity 110. lexical ambiguity 111. structural ambiguity 112. historical cause of semantic change 113. social cause of semantic change 114. linguistic cause of semantic change 115. psychological cause of semantic change 116. euphemism 117. grandiloquence 118. cynicism 119. restriction of meaning/specialization 120. extension of meaning/generalization 121. degeneration of meaning/pejoration 122. elevation of meaning/amelioration 123. metaphor 124. idom 125. phrase idiom 126. clause idiom 127. sentence idiom 128. Americanism 129. big words 130. prescriptive dictionary 131. descriptive dictionary 132. monolingual dictionaries 133. bilingual dictionaries 134. linguistic dictionaries 4

135. encyclopedic dictionaries 136. unabridged dictionaries 137. desk dictionaries 138. pocket dictionaries 139. specialized dictionaries 140. etymology 141. synchronic dictionaries 142. diachronic dictionaries 143. ideological dictionaries

Part 2: Answer the following question. 1. How are English words classified? 2. What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock? 3. What are the differences between function words and content words? 4. How many periods is the history of English divided into? State briefly the special features of each period in terms of the vocabulary. 5. What are the causes of the rapid growth of present-day English vocabulary? 6. How are English morphemes classified? 7. What are the fifferences between inflectional and derivational affiexes? 8. How are the various processes of word-formation classified? 9. What are the rlative criteria of a compound? 10. What are the main types of word meaning? 11. How is the lexical meaning of a word different from its grammatical meaning? 12. Elaborate three kinds of sense relationships between English words, namely similarity, oppoiteness and inclusion. 13. How is context classified? 14. What is componential analysis and what are its advantages and disadvantages? 15. What is the difference between polysemy and homonymy? 16. What are the characteristics of English idioms? 17. How are idioms classified by structural criterion? 18. What are the sources of English idioms? 19. How to use idiomatic expression appropriately? 20. Trace briefly the growth of American English. 21. What main factors contribute to the ready acceptance of American words and phrases by British people? 22. What are the characteristics of American English? 23. What is the relationship between lexicology and the dictionary?