安徽建筑大学 毕 业 设 计 (论 文)

专 业 测绘工程 班 级 2班 学生姓名 翟凯 学 号 *********** 课 题 基于GPS大坝变形监测 指导教师 施贵刚

2015年 月 日 摘要 大坝安全监测，着重于变形监测，是保证大坝运营安全，防止大坝灾难性事故发生的重要手段。本文基于GPS测量的基本原理，通过大坝变形监测网的布设，处理采集到的前后两期观测数据，通过比较监测点分别在WGS—84坐标系和1954北京坐标系下的坐标差值，得出的结果符合大坝变形的精度要求，从而得出某大坝尚未发生明显变形这一结论。不足之处在于标志点在WGS—84坐标系中向1954北京坐标系的投影过程中产生了误差，使得控制点的两期坐标不等。由此可知，各坐标之间转换的时候，投影误差不可以忽略，精度分析的时候，为减小误差，最好统一在WGS—84坐标系下进行解算、分析。

关键词；GPS ；变形监测；精度 ABSTRACT The dam safety monitoring, focuses on the deformation monitoring, it is to ensure the safety of dam operation, prevent the catastrophic accidents. In this paper, based on the basic principle of GPS measurement, through the dam deformation monitoring network layout, processing, both before and after the period of observation data collected by comparing the monitoring points in the WGS - 84 coordinate system and 1954 Beijing coordinates the coordinates of the difference, the results conform to the requirements of the precision of the dam deformation, thus a dam has not yet occurred obvious deformation of the conclusion. Shortcoming in the landmark in the WGS - 84 coordinate system to the 1954 Beijing coordinate system produced in the process of projection error, making the control points of the two coordinates. Therefore, the coordinate transformation between, projection error can not be ignored,Precision analysis, to reduce the error, it is better to unify the WGS - 84 coordinates calculating and analysis. Key words； GPS，deformation monitoring，precision 目 录 摘 要.........................................................................................错误!未定义书签。 Abstract ..........................................................................................错误!未定义书签。 插图或附表清单 ............................................................................错误!未定义书签。 注释说明清单.................................................................................错误!未定义书签。 第一章 绪论 ............................................................................................................. 4 1.1 大坝变形监测的意义 ................................................................................... 5 1.2 GPS用于变形监测的现状........................................................................ 5 1.3研究内容......................................................................................................... 6 第二章 基于GPS技术大坝变形监测的方法............................................................ 7 2.1 控制网布设.................................................................................................... 7 2.2监测点布设 ..................................................................................................... 8 2.3大坝变形监测方案 ......................................................................................... 9 2.3.1测侧区勘察 .................................................................................................. 9 2.3.2资料收集 ...................................................................................................... 9 2.3.3确定布网方案 .............................................................................................. 9 2.3.4GPS测量方法 ............................................................................................. 10 2.3.5编写技术设计说明 .................................................................................... 10 2.3.6造标埋石 .................................................................................................... 10 2.3.7投影带选取 ................................................................................................ 11 2.3.8测量规范 .................................................................................................... 11 第三章 大坝变形监测数据处理 ..................................................................................... 11 3.1 数据处理的方法 ......................................................................................... 11 3.2 数据分析....................................................................1错误!未定义书签。 3.3 预测与预报.................................................................................................... 17 第四章 结论与展望 ................................................................................................... 17 4 .1 结论 ............................................................................................................. 17 4.2展望.................................................................................................................. 18 参考文献................................................................................................................ 18 附录 .............................................................................................................................. 19 谢辞 .............................................................................................................................. 20