郑州工程学院硕士学位论文小麦粉成分与面条品质关系的研究姓名:章绍兵申请学位级别:硕士专业:食品科学指导教师:陆启玉20040301摘要 本研究利用分离重组的手段,通过往面粉中添加由其自身分离所得的各种组分,配成面粉组分含量范围超出常规小麦品种的系列混合粉,制作典型的中国机制鲜湿面条,用质构分析仪在压缩和拉伸两种模式下测定鲜湿面条的流变性质,同时测定面条的蒸煮特性,在量的层次上探讨了面粉中蛋白质及其组分、淀粉及其组分、脂类及其组分和戊聚糖对鲜湿面条部分品质的影响。研究结果表明:生面条TPA参数中的硬度、粘合性和咀嚼性与蛋白质含量呈显著负相关(a=0.05 );粘附性与蛋白质含量呈高度显著正相关(a=0.01)0熟面条TPA参数中的弹性、粘合性和咀嚼性与蛋白质含量呈显著正相关(a=0.05);面条的硬度随着蛋白质含量的下降逐渐降低,但当蛋白质含量下降到一定程度后,面条硬度开始回升:面粉中一定的蛋白质含量是保证面条具有较好粘结性和回复性的基础。熟面条的拉断力和拉伸距离与面粉中的蛋白质含量呈高度显著正相关(a=0.01)。面条干物质吸水率和干物质损失率与蛋白质含量呈高度显著负相关(a=0.01)。淀粉含量对面条品质也有重要的影响,但其和面条所有品质指标的相关性与蛋白质含量恰好相反。 蛋白质含量一定的情况下,熟面条的粘合性和咀嚼性与麦谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白的比值呈显著正相关(a-0.05),麦谷蛋白相对含量增加,面条的硬度和拉断力趋于变大。熟面条的硬度、粘合性、咀嚼性和粘结性与直链淀粉含量呈显著正相关(a=0.05),回复性与直链淀粉含量呈高度显著正相关(a=0.01);熟面条的拉伸距离与直链淀粉含量呈高度显著负相关(a=0.01) o 熟面条的回复性与游离脂含量呈显著负相关(a-0.05);在一定的脂含量范围内,面条的硬度随着游离脂含量增加而变大,但当脂含量超过一定程度后,面条的硬度开始下降。当面粉中的脂含量被调整到正常含量的一半时,面条的拉断力和拉伸距离最大。面条千物质损失率与游离脂含量呈显著正相关(a=0.05).熟面条的硬度和极性脂相对含量呈显著正相关(a-70.05),粘合性和咀嚼性与极性脂相对含量呈高度显著正相关(a=0.01). 往面粉中添加0.5%的戊聚糖后,熟面条的硬度、粘合性和咀嚼性均明显增大,但随着戊聚糖的继续添加,它们基本不再变化:添加1%的戊聚糖到面粉中时,熟面条的粘结性和回复性最好;当戊聚糖添加比例为1.5%时,熟面条的拉断力和拉伸距离最大。
关键词:分离重组蛋白质淀粉脂类戊聚糖面条品质ABSTRACT Fractionation andwere fractionated fromreconstitution method was used in this study. Flour fractions which
originalflour were added back into wheatchange their common content range.Typical Chinese freshmixtures and their textures were measured by Texturenoodles were
flours in order tomade from theseAnalyser at compression andextension mode. Alao the cooking properties of noodles were assessed.The effect ofprotein,starch,free lipids and pentosan in the flour on Chinese noodles were studied.Theresults indicated:Hardness,Gumminess and Chewiness of raw noodles were significantlynegatively correlated with protein content(a=0.05)and Adhesiveness highly significantlypositively with protein content(a=0.01).parameters of cooked noodles wereSpringiness ,Gumminess and Chewiness of TPA
significantly positively correlated with proteincontent(a=0.05); Hardness decreased as protein content was lessened,but when proteincontent was lessened to some extent,the value of Hardness began to increase;flourcontaining some protein provided the basis for good Cohesiveness and Resilience ofcooked noodles. Tensile strength and breaking length of cooked noodle were highlysignificantly positively correlated with protein content(a=0.01).Water absorption and drymaterials loss were significantly negatively correlated with protein content(a=0.05).Starchcontent also had important effect on noodle qualities,but the correlations between noodlequality indexes and starch content were contrary to that of protein content. Gumminess and Chewiness of cooked noodles were significantly positively correlatedwith glutenin-to-gliadin ratio at fixed protein content(a=0.05);Hardness and Tensilestrength of cooked noodle tended to become high when the proportion of glutenin wasincreased. Hardness,Gumminess, Chewiness and Cohesiveness of cooked noodles weresignificantly positivelysignificantly positivelywas highly significantly
correlated with amylose content(a=0.05)and Resilience highlywith amylose content( "-.01)-,Breaking length of cooked noodlesnegatively correlated with amylose content(a=0.01) Resilience of cooked noodles was significantly negatively correlated with free lipidcontent(a=0.05); Hardness increased as free lipid content was increased,but when free lipidcontent was increased to some degree,Hardness of cooked noodles began to decrease.Whenfree lipid content was adjusted to half original content in flour,Tensile strength andBreaking length of cooked noodle were the highest.Dry materials loss was significantlypositively correlated with free lipid content(a=0.05). Hardness of cooked noodles wassignificantly positively correlated with polar lipid relative content(a=0.05),and Gumminessand Chewiness highly significantly positively with polar lipid relative content(a=0.01). When 0.5% pentosan was added to flour, Hardness,Gumminess and Chewiness ofcooked noodles increased evidently.But with the extra addition of pentosan they changedslightly.Adding 1% pentosan to'flour resulted in the highest values of Cohesiveness andResilience of cooked noodles.When 1.5% pentosan was added to flour Tensile strength andBreaking length of cooked noodles were the highest.
Key words: fractionation and reconstitution protein noodle qualitylipid pentosan
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