... .. 目 录 中文摘要 ·························································································································· Ⅰ

第一章 引言 ·········································································································································· 1 1.1注塑机整机的工作原理 ··················································································································· 1 1.2注塑机的结构组成 ···························································································································· 2 第二章 合摸机构方案设计 ·········································································································· 4

2.1．合模机构的类型和选择················································································································ 4 2.2．液压肘杆式合模机构的常见形式和选择 ················································································ 6 2.3．合模机构的参数和尺寸计算 ······································································································ 7 2.3.1合模力的确定 ·································································································································· 7 2.3.2模板尺寸及拉杆间距 ···················································································································· 8 2.3.3动模板行程Sm ······························································································································· 9 2.4肘杆机构的尺寸参数确定 ············································································································ 10 2.4.1运动特性分析 ································································································································ 11 2.4.2力学特性分析 ································································································································ 12 2.4.3肘杆机构自锁及正常运动条件 ································································································ 14 2.4.4肘杆机构的速度分析 ·················································································································· 14 2.4.5肘杆机构的尺寸参数确定 ········································································································· 18 2.5具体速度和加速度分析 ················································································································· 20 第三章 内翻式合摸机构机械结构设计 ·············································································· 25 3.1合摸机构装配图和主要的零件设计图 ······················································································ 25 3.2肘杆机构的强度校核 ····················································································································· 25 3.3铰轴的剪切强度校核 ····················································································································· 25 3.4注塑机的调模机构 ·························································································································· 26 第四章 注塑机的液压系统 ········································································································ 27

第五章 其它机构······························································································································ 30 5.1注塑机的机械保险装置 ················································································································· 30 5.2注塑机的注射装置 ·························································································································· 30 5.2.1．注塑机的注塑油缸数类型的选择与确定 ·········································································· 30 5.2.2．注塑机的注塑装置的其他部件 ··························································································· 31 参考文献 ··············································································································································· 32 总结 ·························································································································································· 33... .. 第一章引 言 塑料工业是国民经济重要工业部门，又是一个新兴的综合性很强的工业体系，这在很大程度上涉及到塑料加工的设备的先进与否。所以为塑料制品行业提供加工装备的塑料机械行业，近几年发展迅速，其发展速度与所创主要经济指标在机械工业的194个行业中名列前茅。塑料机械年制造能力约20万台（套），门类齐全，在世界排名第一。而在众多塑料加工设备中，塑料成型加工设备是重点，主要有注塑机、挤出机、中空吹塑成型机及其辅助设备。在成型加工中，注塑占重要位置，其设备是注射成型机，又称注塑机。 注塑成型的特点是：可一次成型外形复杂、尺寸精确、表面光泽的塑料制件；模具可以快速更换，以便制造适应市场需求的产品；特别适宜工程塑料及特种塑料的成型，获得有特殊性能、特殊用途的制品等。 合模机构是注塑机的重要部件之一，因为合模机构提供的锁模力最终决定力模具模腔的平均压力，而模具模腔的平均压力的决定了制品的产品质量。现在，随着塑料的品种的日益丰富，性能越来越多样性和优越性，以及现在社会对塑料制品的需求量不断上升，且需求品种也越来越多样性。合模力从超小型的200kN到超大型的大于20000kN，几乎包含了社会生产生活中的各个领域。但平常用的最多的，较常见的是小型机。 1.1注塑机整机的工作原理 注塑机利用塑料的热物理性质，把物料从料斗加入料筒中，料筒外由加热圈加热，使物料熔融；在料筒内装有在外动力马达作用下驱动旋转的螺杆，物料在螺杆的作用下，沿着螺槽向前输送并压实，物料在外加热和螺杆剪切的双重作用下逐渐地塑化，熔融和均化，当螺杆旋转时，物料在螺槽摩擦力及剪切力的作用下，把已熔融的物料推到螺杆的头部，与此同时，螺杆在物料的反作用下后退，使螺杆头部形成储料空间，完成塑化过程；然后，螺杆在注射油缸的活塞推力的作用下，以高速、高压，将储料室内的熔融料通过喷嘴注射到模具的型腔中；型腔中的熔料经过保压、冷却、固化定型后，模具在合模机构的作用下，开启模具，并通过顶出装置把定型好的制品从模具顶出落下。 通俗点来说，注塑机的工作原理与打针用的注射器相似，其借助螺杆的推力，将