周口科技职业学院

毕业论文

题目IPV4网络协议问题分析

教学系信息工程系

专业班级计算机应用09级3班

学生姓名张培培

学生学号20002010204

指导教师朱文涛

2011年11月14日

摘要

互联网协议版本4（英语：Internet Protocol version 4，IPv4）是互联网协议开发过程中的第四个修订版本，也是此协议第一个被广泛部署的版本。IPv4与IPv6均是标准化互联网络的核心部分。IPv4依然是使用最广泛的互联网协议版本，直到2011年，IPv6仍处在部署的初期。

IPv4在IETF于1981年9月发布的RFC 791中被描述，此RFC替换了于1980年1月发布的RFC 760。

IPv4是一种无连接的协议，操作在使用分组交换的链路层（如以太网）上。此协议会尽最大努力交付分组，意即它不保证任何分组均能送达目的地，也不保证所有分组均按照正确的顺序无重复地到达。这些方面是由上层的传输协议（如传输控制协议）处理的。

IPv4，是互联网协议（Internet Protocol，IP）的第四版，也是第一个被广泛使用，构成现今互联网技术的基石的协议。1981年 Jon Postel 在RFC791中定义了IP。

Internet Protocol version 4 (English: Internet Protocol 4 pages, IPv4) is in the process of developing the Internet protocols, also be the fourth revision of this agreement first widely deployed version. IPv4 and IPv6 are the core part of Internet standardization. IPv4 still is the most widely used the Internet protocol version, until 2011, IPv6 is still in the early deployment.

IPv4 is a connectionless protocol, operating in the use of packet-switched link layer (such as Ethernet). This effort delivery matsuura group, which means that it doesn't guarantee any group were able to destination, also do not guarantee all group are conducted in accordance with the right order no repeatedly arrived. These aspects by upper transmission agreement is (such as TCP) processing.

关键词：网络协议；IPv4；IPv6；首部。

目录

第一章 IPV4基本信息 ............................................................................................. １

1.1 IPV4的生命 ............................................................................................................. １

1.2 IPV6与IPV4 ............................................................................................................ １

1.3 IPV4包首部格式 .................................................................................................... ２

1.4 IPV4路由.................................................................................................................. ３第二章地址............................................................................................ ４

2.1 地址格式................................................................................................................... ４

2.2 分配............................................................................................................................ ４

2.3 特殊用途的地址 ..................................................................................................... ４

2.4 专用网络................................................................................................................... ５

2.5 链路本地地址.......................................................................................................... ６

2.6 环回地址................................................................................................................... ６

2.7 以0或255结尾的地址........................................................................................ ６

2.8 地址解析................................................................................................................... ７第三章地址空间........................................................................................................ ８

3.1 地址空间枯竭.......................................................................................................... ８

3.2 IPV4的未来生命延续 ........................................................................................... ８第四章报文结构.................................................................................................... １０

4.1 首部........................................................................................................................ １０

4.2 数据........................................................................................................................ １２第五章分片和组装.............................................................................................. １３

5.1 分片........................................................................................................................ １３

5.2 组装........................................................................................................................ １３第六章辅助协议.................................................................................................... １４致谢 ........................................................................................................................................ １５参考文献 ............................................................................................................................ １６