08级外贸英文合同-复习讲义
第一部分：English Terminology
1. On the surface of each package, the package number, measurements, gross
weight, the lifting position, such cautions as "Do Not Stack Upside Down", "KEEP AWAY FROM MOISTURE" and the following ________ shall be stenciled legibly in fadeless paint: (omitted)
A) shipping marks C) bill of lading B) transport documents D) industry standards
2. In the event the Seller for its own sake fails to make delivery of all the goods on
time as stipulated in this contract, the Seller _______ pay a penalty to the Buyer.
A) should C) must B) have to D) shall
3. This Contract will become binding on the parties as of the date the Seller signs it,
________ the Seller does not alter, delete, or add to the terms of this contract.
A) unless C) although B) provided D) since
4. By __________ this clause, the Seller expressly acknowledges that the delivery
period is material to this contract and that any delay will be considered a breach of the contract.
A) infringing C) initializing B) breaching D) canceling
5. The Buyer is __________ to reject any Goods that do not conform to this
Purchase Order and to return them to the Seller at the Seller's expense.
A) deemed C) entitled B) subject D) meant
6. The color and composition of the Goods is at the __________ of the Seller,
provided that the quality of the goods is not affected
A) discretion C) expense B) cost D) request
7. The Goods are in __________ with the technical standards of GB/T 7725-2004
required by the Product Liability Laws of the People's Republic of China and meet the industry standards for household usage.
A) nonconformity C) disagreement B) correspondence D) compliance
8. If the Seller fails to obtain such insurance, the Buyer has a right to purchase
insurance coverage and to charge the cost of ________ to the Seller.
A) delivery C) premiums B) arrangements D) shipment
9. In terms of cost and time, ___________, followed by written confirmation of any
waiver or modified contract terms, is the most effective means of resolution.
A) negotiation C) litigation B) arbitration D) mediation
10. Civil law is characterized by comprehensive and systematic compilations of
statures, known as ________ of law, that govern most aspects of human endeavor.
A) provisions C) terms B) codes D) clauses
11. The term CIF shall be __________ to the INCOTERMS 2000 provided by
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise stipulated herein.
A) obligated C) subject B) applied D) delivered
12. In case of quality discrepancy, _________ should be filed by the Buyer within
30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination, while for quantity
discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.
A) warranties C) damage B) remedies D) claim
13. This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each
of which shall be deemed equally authentic. This Contract is in two copies __________ since being signed by both parties.
A) efficient C) directive B) effective D) negotiable
14. Any dispute ____________ or in connection with this Contract shall be
submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration which shall be conduc ted in accordance with the Commission’s arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration.
A) arising from C) leading to B) resulting in D) causing by
15. The Seller shall not be held responsible for failure or delay in __________ of the
entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents.
A) delivery C) distribution B) delegation D) remittance
16. Costs and attorneys' fees may be sought by the __________ party in a legal
action if the action or its settlement establishes the default of the other party
A) losing C) third B) defending D) prevailing
17. The Buyer specifically agrees that no reliance has been placed on any
representations other than the __________ contained in this Agreement
A) notices C) provisions B) costs and charges D) payment terms
18. Neither party may assign the rights or delegate the __________ of its duties
under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party.
A) performance C) liability B) accountability D) authority
19. If any provision of this Agreement is held ________ or unenforceable for any
reason, that provision is fully separable, and will be deemed separated from the rest of this Agreement.
A) valid C) invalid B) accountable D) material
20. The Buyer is responsible for the following costs and charges __________ in the
sale and transport of the goods.
A) occurred C) invoiced B) collected D) incurred
第二部分：
Comprehension of the Contract Laws and Regulations and Contract Provisions See ICC Model Contract for the International Sale of Goods.
第三部分：Translation of Contract Clauses
See the PDF file Export Contract.
《新编电子商务英语》期终复习参考资料 Unit 1 E-Business Basics I. Questions:p.2 1.What is the difference between e-Commerce and e-Business? Electronic commerce, B2C, or e-Commerce refers to online sales. Electronic business or e-Business, on the other hand, refers to more than just selling online. 2.What can you do by using the Internet? Collect vital business information related to your costumers and competitors; Increase awareness about your company; Streamline communication and improve customer service; . Improve productivity and reduce costs; and Sell your products on line. 3. What are the common ways to get started using e-Business? Make your mark on the web; Leverage email; Embrace e-procurement; and Investigate e-Commerce. II. Exercises:p.2 Translate the following into Chinese: 1.When searching information on line, the user can then either start browsing the website listed, or can narrow the results further by searching within those results for another keyword. 使用者在线搜索信息时，可先开始浏览经初步搜索后罗列出的网站，也可再用一个关键词将此结果进一步搜索以缩小浏览范围。 2.Out-of-pocket costs can be reduced further by implementing a readily updatable website, instead of printed materials that have a short shelf-life, to relay pertinent information to your customer base. 建设一个便于更新的网站来取代使用周期短暂的印刷型资料，以便将相关信息持续不断地传送给您的客房群，则成本费用可进一步减少。 3.Today’s Internet is a powerful way for business to communicate with their
涉外商务英语合同的语言特色体现在以下几个方面： 第一部分、用词方面 多用正式或法律上的用词，与口头表述不同，合同是法律性的正式书面文件，使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的。合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。比如： 1、At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. 应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。assist 较help 正式； 2、The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq. 所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较take part in 正式； 3、The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel. 雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。render 较give 正式； 4、Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou. 甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。repatriate 较send back 正式； 5、This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China. 本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。construe 较explain，interpret 正式； 6、The Employer may object to and require the Contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent. 雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时，可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式；公文体forthwith 较at once 正式； 7、The Chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors. 董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene，interim 都是正式用词。 8、In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right. 如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign 较
freelance 自由职业的[?fri:lɑ:ns] You sell your work or services to a number of different companies. 自由职业 你把你的工作或服务卖给许多不同的公司 teleworking 远程工作；在家办公; You work for a company from home via email,phone or the Internet电子办公 你在家中通过电子邮件、电话或互联网为一家公司工作， job-sharing 分担工作制 You do your job for part of the week and another person does it for the other part. 分担工作 你在这周做了你的这份工作的一部分，另一个人做另一部分 shift work 换班工作 You work during different parts of the day(eg nights).轮班工作 你在一天中的不同时段工作（如夜班） part-time 兼职;半日工作 You only work for some ot the week(not full-time).兼职工作 你只工作了一周（不是全职）。 temping 打临时工，做临时工作，打零工 You work for different companies for a short time without a permanent contract.临时工作 你在不同的公司工作很短的时间没有一个永久的合同。 c onsultancy 顾问工作，顾问职位; 咨询公司; [k?n?s?ltnsi:] You aren’t employed by a company,but are paid to give specialist advice.顾问公司；咨询公司 你不是受雇于公司，但支付给专业的意见 flextime 弹性上班制; You work a number of hours per week or month but you decide when you start or finish.弹性制 你每周工作几个小时或一个月，但你决定当你工作的起始时间 hot-desking 办公桌轮用制（按需要或依照轮流制度分配办公桌，而不是给每位员工桌子）; You don’t have a permanent place or office to work at,but you find a place to work when you arrive.办公桌轮用 你没有一个固定的办公地点，但当你需要办公室可以找到一个办公地点 How to job - share Wouldn't it be nice if the working week finished on Wednesday? With a job-share it can. Here's the essential guide to making it work. 如果工作都在星期三完成，那岂不是很好吗？有工作共享就可以做到。这里是使它工作的基本指南。 (0) Find the perfect partner Find someone you like. 'Be prepared to communicate and share credit and blame,says Carol Savage, the managing director of Flexecutive, a flexible working consultancy.
高级商务英语知识点总结（总复习） retire 在上午英语中也有付清（本息）、赎回（票据）的意思。 eg: retire a bill 赎回票据retire documents 赎单 retires stock 已收回注销的股票 retirement 在商务英语中有退股，（固定资产）报废的意思 eg: retirement of a partner 退伙retirement od assets 资产报废retirement of stock 股票回收retirement price 报废价格 join v. 加入，成为...的一员join the company apply for 申请，求职于apply to 向...申请 pay sb. 100 dollars a day/week be /get paid weekly(wage--blue collar)/monthly(salary--white collar) pay after tax 税后支付 PAYE(pay-as-you-earn) 所得税预扣法 pay-as-you-go 账单到期即付pay envelope（pocket）工资袋 pay off 结清解雇pay off period 资本回收期lay off 解雇（基于经济形势） stop employing sb. because there is no work for them to do dismiss 解雇（基于员工表现） to remove sb. from their job lay off rate 解雇率--separation rate leave a job/company 离职 change在商务英语中海油兑换的意思 change in tax rates 税率变更 changes in gold and foreign exchange reserves黄金及外汇储备的增减 change fund 兑换备用金 recruit from 从...招募员工employ sb.as ... employ sb. to do sth. extremely /highly/fairly flexible flexible budget 弹性预算fixed budget 固定预算 flexible exchange rate system 浮动汇率制flexible currency 弹性通货flexible rate 可变利率temporary account 临时账户 temporary budget 临时预算temporary payment 暂付款项 have /take a day off 请一天假
商务英语合同常用语 在国际贸易中，商务谈判成功后，都会双方签合同是必须的，而合同的拟写需要 十分谨慎，那么关于合同的常用语都有哪些呢?以下是小编给大家整理的商务英语合同常用语，希望可以帮到大家 161 I still have some questions concerning our contract.就合同方面我还有些问 题要问。 162 We are always willing to cooperate with you and if necessary make some concessions.我们总是愿意合作的，如果需要还可以做些让步。 163 If you have any comment about these clauses, do not hesitate to make.对这些条款有何意见，请尽管提，不必客气。 164 Do you think there is something wrong with the contract?你认为合同有问题吗? 165 We’d like you to consider our request once again.我们希望贵方再次考虑我 们的要求。 166 We’d like to clear up some points connected with the technical part of the contract.我们希望搞清楚有关合同中技术方面的几个问题。 167 The negotiations on the rights and obligations of the parties under contract turned out to be very successful.就合同保方的权利和义务方面的谈判非常成功。 168 We can’t agree with the alterations and amendments to the contract.我们无 法同意对合同工的变动和修改。 169 We hope that the next negotiation will be the last one before signing the contract.我们希望下一交谈判将是签订合同前的最后一轮谈判。 170 We don’t have any different opinions about the contractual obligations of both parties.就合同双方要承担的义务方面，我们没有什么意见。 171 That’s international practice. We can’t break it.这是国际惯例，我们不能违背。 172 We are prepared to reconsider amending the contract.我们可以重新考虑修 改合同。 173 We’ll have to discuss about the total contract price.我们不得不讨论一下合同 的总价格问题。
freelance自由职业的[fri:lɑ:ns] Yousellyourworkorservicestoanumberofdifferentcompanies.自由职业 你把你的工作或服务卖给许多不同的公司 teleworking远程工作；在家办公; Youworkforacompanyfromhomeviaemail,phoneortheInternet电子办公 你在家中通过电子邮件、电话或互联网为一家公司工作， job-sharing分担工作制Youdoyourjobforpartoftheweekandanotherpersondoesitfortheotherpart.分担工作 你在这周做了你的这份工作的一部分，另一个人做另一部分 shiftwork换班工作 Youworkduringdifferentpartsoftheday(egnights).轮班工作 你在一天中的不同时段工作（如夜班） part-time兼职;半日工作 Youonlyworkforsomeottheweek(notfull-time).兼职工作 你只工作了一周（不是全职）。 temping打临时工，做临时工作，打零工Youworkfordifferentcompaniesforashorttimewithoutapermanentcontract.临时工作 你在不同的公司工作很短的时间没有一个永久的合同。 c onsultancy顾问工作，顾问职位;咨询公司;[knsltnsi:] Youaren’temployedbyacompany,butarepaidtogivespecialistadvice.顾问公司；咨询公司 你不是受雇于公司，但支付给专业的意见 flextime弹性上班制; Youdon’thavea permanentplaceorofficetoworkat,butyoufindaplacetoworkwhenyou arrive.办公桌轮用 你没有一个固定的办公地点，但当你需要办公室可以找到一个办公地点 Howtojob-share Wouldn'titbeniceiftheworkingweekfinishedonWednesdayWithajob-share (0)Findtheperfectpartner Findsomeoneyoulike.'Bepreparedtocommunicateandsharecreditandblame,saysCarolSava ge,themanagingdirectorofFlexecutive,aflexibleworkingconsultancy. creditandblame信用和责任；director主管，主任；flexible灵活的；consultancy顾问
商务英语合同写作经典句子 这是一篇由网络搜集整理的关于商务英语合同写作经典句子的文档，希望对你能有帮助。 1.本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，一式四份。双方执英文本和中文本各一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。 The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text. 2、本合同由双方代表于1999年12月9日签订。合同签订后，由各方分别向本国政府当局申请批准，以最后一方的批准日期为本合同的生效日期，双方应力争在60天内获得批准，用电传通知对方，并用信件确认。若本合同自签字之日起，6个月仍不能生效，双方有权解除本合同。 This contract is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties on Dec. 9, 1999. After signing the contract, both parties shall apply to their respective Government Authorities for ratification. The date of ratification last obtained shall be taken as the effective date of the Contract. Both parties shall exert their utmost efforts to obtain the ratification within 60 days and shall advise the other party by telex and thereafter send a registered letter for confirmation. 3、本合同有效期从合同生效之日算起共10年，有效期满后，本合同自动失效。 The contract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date of the
《商务英语阅读》期末考试复习资料一、词汇翻译题（课内词汇+课外高频商务词汇） 1.entrepreneur 企业家 2.specification 规格详述 3.human resources 人力资源 4.institution 机构 5.orientation 方向，导向，新员工 入职培训 6.decline 消减，衰亡 7.bonus 奖金 http://biz.doczj.com/doc/ad17103193.html,unch 推出，投放市场 http://biz.doczj.com/doc/ad17103193.html,munity 社区，共同体 10.necessities （生活）必需品 11.stock 股票 12.liquidity 流动性，变现性 13.risk 风险 14.potential 潜在的 15.act of God 不可抗力 http://biz.doczj.com/doc/ad17103193.html,y off 使……下岗 17.listed company 上市公司 18.log on 登入、连接（上网） 19.absolute interest 绝对产权 20.keyboard skills 打字技能 21.human resources 人力资源 22.account for 解释某事物的原因，占……比例 23.executive 高级管理人员，执行总 裁 24.logo 企业或公司等专用的标记、标 识 25.administration 管理 26.budget 预算27.feasible 可行的 28.industry 产业，行业 29.ingredient 成分，要素 30.securities 证券 http://biz.doczj.com/doc/ad17103193.html,mission 佣金 32.dividend 股息，红利 33.mature 到期，成熟 34.accounts receivable 应收账款 35.job description 岗位描述 36.letter of intent 意向书 37.living wage 基本生活工资 38.bar code 条形码 39.acid test 决定性的考验 40.executive 高管，主管 41.administrative expenses 行政管 理费用 42.jet lag 飞机时差反应 43.customized 用户化的，按客户要求 定制的 44.keep-fit market 保健市场 45.lecture theatre 梯形教室，梯形 报告厅 46.local adaptation 本土化 47.balance sheet 资产负债表 48.benefits package 福利套餐,整体 福利 49.bill of lading 提单、提货单 50.access fee 使用费 二、单项选择题（课内） 1.Factors of production refer to _______. A.natural resources and capital http://biz.doczj.com/doc/ad17103193.html,bor and entrepreneurs C.both A and B 2.The structure of a large manufacturing company and that of a small service firm
商务英语合同写作技巧 这是一篇由网络搜集整理的关于商务英语合同写作技巧的文档，希望对你能有帮助。 在起草合同时，有几点需要注意： 1. Start with a simple, generic contract form. Like a house, a contract must have a good, solid foundation. 从简单、典型的合同入手。像房子一样，一个合同必须有一个牢固的根基。 2. State the correct legal names of the parties in the first paragraph. As obvious as this is, it is one of the most common problems in contracts. For individuals, include full first and last name, and middle initials if available, and other identifying information, if appropriate, such as Jr., M.D., etc. For corporations, check with the Secretary of State where incorporated. 在合同的第一段要写清楚双方的名称。这个问题很简单，但也需要重视。如果是个人，要写清姓和名,中间名可能的话应写上大写首字母，其他身份信息如果需要也应注明，例如：Jr.，M.D，等等；如果是公司，为避免弄错，写名称时可以到公司注册地的相应机构去核对一下。 3. Identify the parties by nicknames. Giving each party a nickname in the first paragraph will make the contract easier to read. For example, James W. Martin would be nicknamed "Martin." 确定合同双方的别称（简称）。为便于阅读，一般要在合同的第一段为双方设定一个别称，如：将詹姆士·马丁简称为“马丁”。
商务英语期末复习 Unit 2 1c词汇用下面的词语填进下列句子的空格中 1、Managers have to decide how best to allocate the human, physical and capital resources （资源、财力）available to them. 2、Managers – logically – have to make sure that the jobs and tasks given to their subordinates are manageable. 3、There is no point in setting objectives if you don’t communicate them to your staff. 4、Managers have to supervise their subordinates, and to measure, and try to improve, their performance. 5、Managers have to check whether objectives and targets are being achieved. 6、A top manager whose performance is unsatisfactory can be dismissed by the company’s board of directors. 7、Top managers are responsible for the innovations that will allow a company to adapt to a changing world. 1d词汇课文里有一些常见的动词-名词搭配（入achieve objectives, deal with crises等等。把下面的动词和名词按照常用搭配连起来。 1、make decisions 做出决策 2、communicate information/decisions/objectives 向……传达信息/决定/目标 3、allocate resources 分配资源，或“配置资源” 4、develop strategies/people 发展战略/培养人员 5、measure performance 测评绩效 6、motivate people 激励员工 7、perform jobs 完成工作 8、set objectives 设定目标 9、supervise subordinates监管下属 Unit 3 1b词汇下面是一些有关公司组织机构的基本词语。把它们和定义用直线连起来。 1、autonomous 自治的 Independent, able to take decisions without consulting a higher authority 2、decentralization 分散，分权 Dividing an organization into decision-making units that are not centrally controlled 3、function 职能 A specific activity in a company, e.g. production, marketing, finance 4、hierarchy 层次，层级 A system of authority with different levels, one above the other 5、line authority 直线职权 The power to give instructions to people at the level below in the chain of command 6、report to 向……报告（负责） To be responsible to someone and to take instructions from him or her 7、subordinates 下属 People working under someone else in a hierarchy Unit 4 1a词汇下列的句子说明某些关于工作的基本词汇。哪些是正确的答案？ 1、To inspire, to induce, to give a reason or incentive to someone to do something. (motivate 激发) 2、A person employed by someone else, working for money. (employee 职工，雇员) 3、Relations between employers and employees, managers and workers, management and unions. (labor relations 劳资关系)
商务英语合同应注意六方面 2009-7-249:11 页面功能【字体：大中小】【打印】【关闭】 涉外商务英语合同的语言特色体现在以下几个方面： 第一部分、用词方面 多用正式或法律上的用词，与口头表述不同，合同是法律性的正式书面文件，使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的。合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。比如： 1、At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. 应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。assist 较help 正式； 2、The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq. 所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较take part in 正式； 3、The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel. 雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。render 较give 正式； 4、Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou. 甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。repatriate 较send back 正式； 5、This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China. 本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。construe 较explain，interpret 正式； 6、The Employer may object to and require the Contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent. 雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时，可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式；公文体forthwith 较at once 正式； 7、The Chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors. 董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene，interim 都是正式用词。
International Business English Lesson 1 International Business Business Knowledge: The major differences between international business and domestic business A.Differences in legal systems B.Differences in currencies C.Differences in cultural background D.Different in natural and economic conditions The major types of international business A.Trade http://biz.doczj.com/doc/ad17103193.html,modity trade b.Service trade B.In vestment a.Foreign direct investment b.Portfolio investment C.Other types a.Licensing and franchising b.Management contract and contract manufacturing c.Turnkey project and BOT Trade Terms: 1.Customs area 关税区: 2.Conversion货币兑换 3.Visible trade 有形贸易:The form of commodity trade, i.c. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another, (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) 4.Invisible trade 无形贸易：The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries. 5.FDI 夕卜国直接投资:Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country? / P.256. One country acquires assets in a foreign countiy for
合同 编号：日期： 买受人： 出售人： 本合同由买卖双方订立，根据本合同规定的条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售下述商品： 1.货名，规格，数量 2.单价，总价 3.生产国和制造商 4.包装 用坚固的新木箱包装，适宜长途海运，并具备良好的防潮，防震，防锈，耐粗暴搬运能力，由于包装不当而引起的货物损坏或由于防护措施不善而引起货物锈蚀，卖方应赔偿由此而造成的全部损失费用。 5.唛头 卖方应在每件包装上，用不褪色油墨清楚地标刷件号、尺码、毛重、净重、“此端向上”、“小心轻放”、“切勿受潮” 等字样。 6．运日期 7.装运港 8.目的港
9.保险装运后由买方投保。 10.支付条件 ⑴信用证付款，买方在收到卖方根据合同第12条规定的提 前装运的通知后，应于运输的15日到20日之前，按货物 总金额的全部。通过_______（银行），设立以卖方为受益人 的不可撤销的信用证。卖方凭本合同第11条规定的装运 单据及开出的即期汇票提交给开证银行贷款，信用证的有 效期至货物运装后15天为止。 ⑵托收付款，卖方应把合第11条所规定的由_______(银行)开 具的装运单据转交买方。 ⑶根据合同第11条货款应在收据收到的7天前生效。 11.单据 ⑴卖方应将下列单据提交付款银行托收付款，若以信汇付 款，下列单据应寄买方： (a)填写通知目的口岸对外贸易运输公司的空白抬头、空白背 书的全套已装船的清洁提单，注明“运费到付”，并通知 货口岸___________公司。 (b)发票五份，注明合同号，唛头。(唛头在一份以上，发票 需独立出具)。 (c)五份发票需注明货物重量，编号和发票相应的日期。 (d)按照本合同第16条第一项规定，提交由制造厂签发的质 量和数量/重量证明书及检验报告各两份。
2011.6 09文2英语期末考试复习重点 一、判断题。 1.International trade is only the exchange of goods between nations.× 国际贸易只是在国家之间的货物的交换。错。 2.Trade surplus mean s that a country’s imports exceed its exports. × （出口大于进口）贸易盈余意味着一个国家进口超过它的出口。错。 3.Countries can do business freely without regulations in international trade. ×国家能自由地经商而没有国际贸易的规则。错。 4.An agent needs to carry stock as a distributor does. × 代理商需要像经销商所做的那样支持货物的供应。错。 5.All international business transactions are done under Incoterms 2000. ×所有国际商业交易是在《2000年国贸术语解释通则》下完成的。 错。改为：sales contracts 销售合同 6.Under FOB San Francisco, San Francisco is the port of destination. × 错。装运港船上交货，到达口，改为：shipment装运港 7.Under CIF, cargo insurance is to be effected by the buyer. × 在CIF术语下（成本保险费加运费）之下，货物保险是被买方影响。错。改为：seller卖方 8. Different commodities have different qualities, but the same commodity must have the same quality. ×不同的商品有不同的性质，但是相同的商品一定有相同的性质。错。
商务英语合同应注意六方面 涉外商务英语合同的语言特色体现在以下几个方面： 第一部分、用词方面 多用正式或法律上的用词，与口头表述不同，合同是法律性的正式书面文件，使用正式的、法律的用词是必要的。合同起草者应多加强这方面的学习。比如： 1、At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. 应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方安装设备。assist 较help 正式； 2、The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq. 所有人员不得参加伊拉克国内的任何政治活动。partake in 较take part in 正式； 3、The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel. 雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指导。render 较give 正式； 4、Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou. 甲方应将病人遣返中国并负责其返回广州的旅费。repatriate 较send back 正式； 5、This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China. 本合同受中国法律管辖，并按中国法律解释。construe 较explain，interpret 正式； 6、The Employer may object to and require the Contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent. 雇主认为承包人委派的授权代表不合格时，可以反对并要求立即撤换。require较ask正式；公文体forthwith 较at once 正式； 7、The Chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors. 董事长可以根据董事会过1/3董事的提议而召集临时董事会议。convene，interim 都是正式用词。 8、In case one party desires to sell or assign all or part of its investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right. 如一方想出售或转让其投资之全部或部分，另一方有优先购买权。法律用词assign 较transfer 正式。 9、In processing transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products. 加工贸易中，厂方无论是对原料还是成品都无所有权。法律用词title 较ownership 正式。 10、The term "Effective date" means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto. “生效期”指双方合同签字的日子。法律用词execute 较sign 正式。 第二部分、用词方面 多使用"here"，"there"，"where"等前缀，下面这么多是不是有点头昏眼花？初学时确实容易搞混，告诉你个小窍门，here 代表this，there 代表that，where 代表what/which，就容易记多了。 hereafter = after this time；今后 hereby = by means/reason of this；特此 herein = in this；此中，于此 hereinafter = later in this contract；在下文 thereafter = afterwards；此后，后来