《中国与美国动漫造型的差异性》【摘要】在经济全球化的浪潮中,动画造型作为一种独特的艺术表现形式,也作为一种文化形态得以在世界范围内广泛传播,受关注的程度越来越高。

本文试图从中美动画造型差异性的角度出发做一系列的研究,紧扣角色、场景和镜头画面、色彩三个方面的造型来进行探讨。

现在学术界存在着几种观点：一部分人认为二十世纪九十年代前中国的动画太过于本土、太过传统,与美国本动画相比显得粗糙而幼稚；另一部分人认为中国动画要从本土、从民族出发,越本土化、民族化越好,本土的、民族的才是世界的；还有一部分人看到美国动画在全世界范围内都取得成功,觉得应该去模仿,甚至最后发展到形式、内容、造型等全部的复制,当然,在本文中笔者无法从太全面的角度对中美动画进行比较研究,仅能从造型的角度出发,以差异性来探讨中美动画,窥探中国动画造型本来的面目,使人们不要一再的陷入片面的、不完整的动画造型发展误区。

为此,本文紧扣中美动画造型的差异性,为中国动画的发展提供一个新的参考。

美国动画角色造型中想象的成分居多,造型与时代紧紧的结合在一起,并且贯彻于动画造型设计的始终,而中国动画的角色造型就本土水墨动画而言,角色造型中确实有中国传统元素中不可替代的优势在其中,但这种优势并没有得到很好的继承,就算是现在很受孩子们欢迎的《喜洋洋与灰太狼》,它之所以成功更多的是凭借优异的品牌效益,而不是造型,中国动画造型并没有取得太大的突破；在动画场景和镜头画面变化方面,美国动画的画面转化速度快,频率高,充分利用画面的切换来表现角色内心情绪和情节的变化,在场景制作上也存在自己的优势,而中国动画的画面变化过分稳定,静态场景居多,画面动不起来,场景的转换少、变化少必然导致动画叙述语言俗而不新；在动画色彩造型方面,美国找准了当代的动画色彩谱系,这个差异性性提醒我们：学习和吸收西方动画造型的有力因素,但美国形成了具有独特优势的动画造型风格,反观中国动画,它学西方,导致了中国当代动画既不像西方也不像美国,既不本土也不当代,最终丧失了自己的立场,丢失了自己的发展方向,越来越没有自己的动画造型特色。

abstractIn the tide of economic globalization,Animation modelling as a kind of unique artistic form,Also, as a kind of cultural shape will be in the world scope widely spread,Increasingly high degree of attention.This paper tries to China from the Angle of animation modelling difference doing a series of research, captures a character, setting and lens picture, color the modelling of three aspects in this article.Now there are several academic view: the number of people think that before the 1990 s China's animation too native, too tradition, and the United States compared this animation is rough and childish; The other part of people think that China's animation from local to, from national start, the localization, nationalization more, local, national ability is the world; Others see the United States animation in worldwide success, think should go to imitate, even finally to form, content, such as shape all of the copy, and, of course, in this paper the author can't from the point of view of China and the United States is too full animation comparative study, can only from the point of view of modelling, to explore the differences between China and the United States to animation, see Chinese cartoon was really modelling, so that people don't again and again into one-sided, incomplete animation modeling development erroneous zone.Therefore, this paper closely the animation, the differences of modelling, for the development of Chinese animation to provide a new reference. The United States animation design in imaginary components role in the majority, the modelling with the time closely together, and implemented in animation design always, and Chinese cartoon characters is native wash cartoon character, it did have a role model in traditional Chinese elements in which the irreplaceable advantage, but this advantage and not well inherit, it is now very popular with children of welcome the merchant andgray too Wolf ", it is more success is relying on excellent brand benefit, not modelling, Chinese cartoon didn't get modelling too big breakthroughs. In the animation scene and change the screen shots, the picture of the animation speed conversion, high frequency, make full use of the picture switch to the performance of the emotions and the plot role change, there is also a scene in making their own advantages, and Chinese cartoon picture changes too stable, static scene is in the majority, pictures can't move up, the transformation of the scene changes will inevitably lead to less, less animation narrative language common and not new; In the animation colour modelling respect, the United States get a contemporary animation color spectrum, the difference of remind us: learning and western animation modelling powerful factor, but the United States has formed a unique advantages of animation modelling style, to view Chinese animation, it learn western, leading to the Chinese contemporary animation neither like western also don't like the United States, both neither native also not contemporary, and eventually lost his position and lost their own development direction, more and more without their animation modeling feature.1.美国的动漫造型1.1造型独特作品1984《变形金刚》是美国动画片的出色作品，也成为“孩之宝”公司动画片历史上的一座里程碑，八十年代世界范围的经典之作，被列为美国最卖座的商业动画片之一，被全世界一百六十多个国家重复播放了近十年。

其造型玩具等衍生品创造了巨大收益。

1995 玩具总动员，以其独特的造型风格,全球《海底总动员》《超人特攻队》均取得巨大票房收入。

1.2动漫造型1.2.1造型剧本：以迪斯尼为代表的美国动画强调动画角色的娱乐性，幽默的叙事风格及条理式的卡通造型，取材广为熟知的卡通形象，迎合观众和市场的需求成为了节目制作的基础和前提，作为娱乐产品，随着其商业模式的成熟与完善，其艺术风格也趋于商业化，使得故事大多轻松娱乐，剧本趋于模式化，很少有较为深刻的作品出现，剧本上的缺乏开拓使用其更多地依赖制作技术上的补充。