东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位论文 II 水平井注水工艺技术研究与应用 摘 要 1991年，美国Texaco公司的第1口工业水平井注水成功后，许多油田如阿曼Saih Rawl、Yibal、Sarah等相继应用了水平井注水技术，并取得良好的开发效果，采收率平均提高了10％～15％。随着对低渗透薄层油藏的开发，直井注水越来越显示出局限性。本文在综合研究水平井注水文献的基础上，对水平井注水技术特点、注采优势、油藏筛选条件以及水平井注水工艺技术的实现进行了充分的理论研究，对水平井吸水剖面测试、水平井注水管柱防卡、水平井冲砂、水平井二段及三段分层注水工艺进行了系统研究并研制了配套工具。研究成果成功应用于低渗超薄油藏的水平井注水开发试验。试验结果表明，注入水的近线性驱动是水平井注水提高水驱效率的主要因素。当低渗透、薄储层油藏状况变差、直井注水不能满足开发需要时,选择使用水平井注水具有明显的优势。水平井地面二段及三段分注工艺能够满足水平井分层注水的需要。水平井钻井成本降低,使水平井注水技术的应用成为可能，是薄层低渗油藏高效开发的一种新的方式和选择。

关键词：水平井注水，理论研究，分层注水，工具研制，防卡，冲砂 东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位论文

Ⅲ The Horizontal Well Water Injection Technology Research And Application

ABSTRACT In 1991, American Texaco company first industrial horizontal well water injection after the success of many fields, such as Oman Saih Rawl, Yibal, Sarah have been using horizontal well water injection, and achieved a good development result, recovery factor was increased by 10%～15%. With a thin layer of low permeability reservoir development, vertical Wells shows that more and more water injection limitations. Based on the comprehensive research on the basis of horizontal well water injection literature, the horizontal well water injection technology characteristics, advantages, injection-production reservoir filter conditions and the realization of horizontal well injection technology on the study of the theory of the full of horizontal well water absorption profile test, the horizontal well water injection string the card, the horizontal well blasting, two sections of horizontal Wells and three sections of layered injection system research and developed by supporting tools. Research results successfully used in low permeability and ultra-thin reservoir of horizontal Wells water injection test.The test results show, the injected water nearly linear driver is horizontal well improve the efficiency of the water flooding water main factors. When low permeability reservoir, the thin reservoir situation worse, vertical Wells can not meet the development need water, choose to use the horizontal well water injection has obvious advantages. The horizontal well for secondary and three sections of points note process can meet the need of horizontal Wells layered water injection. Horizontal well drilling cost down, the application of horizontal well water injection technology becomes possible, is thin layer and low permeability reservoirs high efficiency and development of a new ways and choice.

Keywords: horizontal well water injection, theoretical study, layered water injection, development tools, prevent sticking, sand-washing 东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位论文

Ⅳ 创新点摘要 1．水平井三段分注井口，采用地面计量技术，直观明了准确可靠。单层实际注水计量系统不受注入压力、水嘴及地层吸水情况变化影响，计量准确率大幅度地提高，完全满足于两级三段的注水井需求。 2. 水平井双解封式封隔器，将注水管柱中的三种效应力传递到套管之上，保障封隔器的密封性能。封隔器具有双重解封功能，即可液压解封，又可上提解封。为解封封隔器提供安全保障。 3．水平井管柱液压扶正器，确保注水管柱中的封隔器处于居中位置，使密封胶筒长期有效地保持密封性能，并且在水平井中能够顺利坐封和解封，确保无卡注水管柱现象发生。 东北石油大学工程硕士专业学位论文 目 录 学位论文独创性声明 ................................................................................................................. I 学位论文使用授权声明 ............................................................................................................. I 摘 要 .................................................................................................................................... Ⅱ ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. Ⅲ 创新点摘要 .............................................................................................................................. Ⅳ Thesis for the Graduate Candidate Test .................................................................................... II 学位论文使用授权声明 ............................................................................................................. I 摘 要 ....................................................................................................................................... II ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... 3 创新点摘要 ................................................................................................................................ 4 目 录 ....................................................................................................................................... V 前 言 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.水平井注水技术的发展 .................................................................................................. 1 2.研究意义和目的 .............................................................................................................. 1 3.主要研究内容 .................................................................................................................. 2 4.技术路线和研究方法 ...................................................................................................... 2 第一章 水平井技术研究与应用现状 ...................................................................................... 3 1.1国外水平井技术发展概况 ........................................................................................... 3 1.2国内水平井技术发展概况 ........................................................................................... 5 第二章 水平井注水技术理论研究 ........................................................................................ 8 2.1水平井注水特点 ........................................................................................................... 8 2.2 水平井注水的优势分析 .............................................................................................. 9 2.3 水平井注水油藏筛选条件 ........................................................................................ 10 2.4水平井注水技术新进展 ............................................................................................. 11 第三章 水平井吸水剖面测试技术研究 ................................................................................ 14 3.1技术研究背景 ............................................................................................................. 14 3.2研究思路及技术路线 ................................................................................................. 15 3.3现场应用 ..................................................................................................................... 16 3.4技术创新点 ................................................................................................................. 18 3.5技术成果 ..................................................................................................................... 18 第四章 水平井注水配套工具的研制 .................................................................................... 19 4.1水平井实现有效分注的工艺技术难点 ..................................................................... 19 4.2技术路线 ..................................................................................................................... 20 4.3水平井管柱液压扶正器 ............................................................................................. 20 4.4 水平井井下分注器 .................................................................................................... 21 4.5 水平井注水封隔器 .................................................................................................... 21 4.6水平井注水其它配套工具 ......................................................................................... 22 第五章 水平井注水工艺技术研究与应用 ............................................................................ 25 5.1研究思路及技术路线 ................................................................................................. 25 5.2水平井地面二段分注工艺技术 ................................................................................. 25 5.3水平井地面三段分注工艺技术 ................................................................................. 30