当前位置:文档之家› 英语教材 阅读理解题

英语教材 阅读理解题

二 大文中常设题处 本堂目标 学会在阅读时识别常设题处,以此来提高阅读效率,明确做题时应该重点留意何处。

30 分钟 听讲 命题者在设题时,必然有一定的倾向性,一篇文章在那些地方常设题是有一定规律的。考生如果掌握了这些对应的规律,就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时,在这些可能会出题的地方轻轻划上记号,等看完短文开始做题时,针对题干中的关键词,迅速找到做记号的地方,再仔细分析、查找确定答案。这样就能节省不少时间,避免通读全文和做题的盲目性。 我们在研究、总结了近10年的六级真题,发现主要有以下10处容易成为设题处;

一 篇首 、篇尾、段首、段尾、处参考 根据前一堂讲到的文章模式,篇首或段首往往是文章开门见山地提出主题火中心思想;篇尾或段尾处一般是概括或总结性的陈述,经常会总结中心思想、得出某种结论或建议。 因此,文章的篇首、篇尾、段首、段尾处经常被当作设题处,而且大多是考查对文章或段落主旨的理解,容易出主旨大意题或推理判断题。

真题示例 原文 …ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well,or a creature that out-lived the dinosaur will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how a creature so ugly could have won so much affection . 题目 56. the last sentence of the passage is ment to ______. A persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles B stress that even th most ugly species should be protected C call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles survival D warn our descendants about the extinction of species

解析 选B 。 篇尾处设题。最后一句话提到,我们必须着手处理这些问题,否则,这种比恐龙寿命还要长的生物将会在人类的手下灭绝。结合前文提到的各种威胁导致海龟数量下降可知,“处理这些问题”这的除掉这些威胁,让海龟不灭绝很显然,作者是在呼吁人们采取措施,故答案为C ,其中的effective measure es to 对应文中的get a handle on 。

二 转折处参考 作者常常会借转折词连词或副词来引出某项重要的事实或观点,转折词之后的内容往往表达的是作者真实的写作目的、观点或态度,因此出题人经常会围绕转折词前后内容来设题。 篇章阅读中常见的表示转折关系的连词或副词有howevre,but, yet ,nevertheless,while,though,at the same time 等。另外,indeed,in fact,virtually,practically也常常用来表示前后语义的转折。 真题示例 原本 】 No , in this consumerisage ,most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product ----like a car or clothes or a house . And with such purchases,price is only one of many crucial factors to conseder . 题目 In this consumerist age, most parents __________. A regard college education as a wise investment B place a premium on the prestige the college C think it crucial to send their childen to college D consider college education a consumer product

解析 选d 。转折处设题。文中提到,在这个消费年代,大多数买主不是把上大学看作投资,而是看作消费品。结合上文提到的家庭支付上大学的费用以及下文提到的college student (or,money accurately,their parents)···willingness to pay 可知,这里的“买主”指的其实是“家长”,故答案为(D),其中的consider···as对应文中的evaluating···as。 三 观点态度处常考 文章中表达作者对于某人或某事物的观点或态度地方或涉及的其他人或组织机构观点或态度也常受出题人青睐。解题时要留意文章中出现say, deem, think(of),believe, consider, argue, contend, determine等观点态度的词以及doubt,appreciate , hate,against, 等表达感情色彩的词语,以及一些带有感情色彩的特殊句式(祈使句、感叹句、反问句等)。 真题示例 原文 But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying ,as well as studying ,can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. 题目 57. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college ? A huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing. B it does’s pay to run into debt to receive a college education C college education is rewarding in spite of the starting costs D going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected returns 解析 选C 人物观点社体。文中提到,经济学家说,那些即将要负债来支付四年的聚会和学习费用的家庭可以从以下事实得到一些安慰;上大学时一项投资···这项投资将有巨大的红利回报。很显然,答案为C, 其中的rewarding 对应文中的yield huge dividends,staringcosts对应 go into debt to fund···。

因果关系处常考 因果关系处表示因果关系的句子也是命题者所青睐的出题处,因为因果句阐述了两个事件或事实之间的内在联系,是作者进行分析或得出结论的地方。出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力,经常会把含有因果关系的句子倒过来考,因此选型中因变成了果、果变成了因,考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系,防止受到迷惑。 表示很明显因果关系的词语有;because, because of, for, since, as, thus,so, therefore, due to,owing to,cause,as a result, result from , result in, reason, result, consequence, consequently,in consequence. 表示不太明显的因果关系的词语有:if , unless, originate, from,lead to, attribute,to ,derive form, base,basis等。 有时候文章中虽然没有出现表示因果关系的标志性词语,但是在逻辑上存在着因果关系,这个时候考生就需要自己进行判断和推理。 真题示例 原文 Competition from overseas led farmers to specialise and increase yields. Throuhout this period food became cheaper ,safer and more reliable.However,these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity . 题目 53. Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted in _________. A localized pollution B the shrinking of farmland C competition from overseas D the decrease of biodiversity 解析 选D 因果关系处设题。文中提到,来自海外的竞争迫使农民转向专业化生产并提高产量。第四句提到农民这么做的负面结果;导致动物栖息地的丧失和生物多样化的锐减。题干中的resulted in 对应原文的led to选项 D中的decrease of biodiversity是对原文的diminshing biodiversity 的同义转述,故答案为 D 五 特殊标点处常考 特殊标点符号主要包括:破折号(主要表解释或补充说明);括号(主要表示解释);冒号(主要表示解释或列举);引号(主要表引用或引导内内容有特殊含义);分号(主要表并列或进一步解释说明)等等。出题人经常会针对这些特殊标点的前后设题,考查考生对特殊标点含义及前后内容的准确理解。 真题示例 原文 A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the labor-market premium to skill –or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduates earned---decreased for much of the 20 th century,but has comes back with a vengeance (报复性地)since the 1980s. 题目 58. the two Harvard econonmists note in their study that,for much of the 20 th century,___. A enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American college and universities B the labor marke preferred high-school gradu ates to college graduates C competition for university admissions was farmoer fierce than today D the gap between the earmings of college and high-shool graduates narrowed 解析 选d 。 破折号设题。文中提到,2008年哈弗大学的两位经济学者所做的一项研究指出,“技能带来的劳动力市场额外收益”--------或者说大学毕业生比高中毕业生挣得钱多的那部分钱-----在20世纪的大部分时间都在下降,但是从20世纪80年代起,开始回升。从第二个破折号前后内容可知,答案为D ,其中的the gap··· graduates对应文中的the amount···earned, narrowed 对应decreased . 六 引言处常考 说明文或者议论文中经常引用他人的观点来支持、佐证作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点,也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。考生需要识别,此时通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力。 真题示例 原文 “The threat is from commercial fishing ,”says Griffin. Trawlers(which dray large nets through the water and along the ocean floor ) and longline fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles )take a heavy toll on turtles . 54 . What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turles according to Elizabeth Griggin? A their inadequate food supply

相关主题