当前位置:文档之家› 建构

建构

uo图表部分引言部分01.Needless to say, I am not alluding to the mere revelation of constructional technique but rather to its expressive potential. Inasmuch as the tectonic amounts to a poetics of construction it is art, but in this respect the artistic dimension is neither figurative nor abstract.(Frampton, Kenneth,Studies in Tectonic Culture, Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press,1995)02.The full tectonic potential of any building stems from its capacity to articulate both the poetic and the cognitive aspects of its substance.(Frampton, Kenneth,Studies in Tectonic Culture, Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press,1995)03.From its conscious emergence in the middle of the nineteenth century with the writings of Karl Bötticher and Gotffried Semper the term not only indicates a structural and material probity but also a poetics of construction, as this may be practiced in architecture and the related arts. (Frampton, Kenneth, Rappel à l’ order, the case for the tectonic, Architecture Design 60, no.3-4, 1990)04.When a structural concept has found its implementation through construction, the visual result will affect us through certain expressive qualities which clearly have something to do with the play of forces and corresponding arrangement of parts in the building, yet cannot be described in terms of construction and structure alone. For these qualities, which are expressive of a relation of form to force, the term tectonic should be reserved.(Sekler, Eduard F, Structure, Construction, Tectonics, Structure In Art And In Science, New York: George Braziller, 1965)05.In tracing this thought retrospectively, one may cite Semper's "Theory of Formal Beauty" of 1856, in which he no longer grouped architecture with painting and sculpture as a plastic art, but with dance and music as a cosmic art, as an ontological world-making art rather than as representational form.(Frampton, Kenneth, Rappel à l’ order, the case for the tectonic, Architecture Design 60, no.3-4, 1990)06.“建构”的本意无非是提示木、石材如何结合一类的问题,①它包含了构造材料的内容;②它要求考虑人加工的因素,也就是说使人的情感在细部处理之时融进去,从而使“建构”显露出来。

……在我看,“建构”就是组织材料成物并表达感情,透露感情。

(许轲,关于“建构”的访谈,建筑与设计,第1期,2001)07.所谓诗意,我的理解就是有情。

(许轲,关于“建构”的访谈,建筑与设计,第1期,2001)08.据弗氏的研究,“构筑”一词源于希腊语tekton,意为木匠、营造者,后又延伸出“木匠承担诗人的角色”……而archi-(权威人物)加tekton 形成拉丁语architectus,便是“建筑师”的由来。

按这几层意思,构筑的确很像歌唱、舞蹈,是匠艺与诗意的融合,所以叫做“建造的诗篇”。

(莫天伟,卢永毅,由“Tectonic在同济”引起的,时代建筑,增刊,2001)09.从这个词(tectonic)中,你没有听到鲁班、米开朗基罗,以及那些古代工匠们在构筑生活中,诗意的笑声了吗?……(莫天伟,卢永毅,由“Tectonic在同济”引起的,时代建筑,增刊,2001)10.但不难从保存下来的图纸当中看到建筑师杰赛庇•特拉尼(Giuseppe Terrani)对材料、建造、形态与空间精深的造诣。

他用这些质量构成的不仅是建筑还是诗。

……但我不认为但丁纪念堂的诗意出自于建筑与诗歌的关系。

但丁纪念堂的诗意更是石承重墙的诗意,庭院的诗意,石柱的诗意,踏步的诗意,门洞的诗意,天光的诗意,矩形的诗意,方形的诗意正交的诗意,窄的诗意,玻璃的诗意,玻璃柱的诗意,天花与柱之间关系的诗意,缝隙的诗意,石铺地的诗意,围合的诗意,基本建筑的诗意。

(张永和,基本建筑,建筑师,第10期,1998年,北京,中国建筑工业出版社)论述部分It has been necessary therefore to give a good deal of attention to terms as they developed in languages other than English, and this would be so whatever art one was discussing-critical vocabulary travels fast and easily, more often rapidly than knowledge of the works about which it was spoken. 1Forty, Adrian, Words and Buildings-A Vocabulary of Modern Architecture, 2000Forty的这段话让我想到了中文“建构”讨论之中时常出现的“建造的诗篇”这个词,追根溯源,应该是来自Kenneth Frampton的那套“建构理论”:《建构文化研究》(Studies in Tectonic Culture)这本书的副标题就是“十九和二十世纪建筑的建造诗篇”(The Poetics of Construction in Nineteenth and Twentieth Centrury Architecture),而且在“Rappel à l’ order, the case for the tectonic”这篇文章中他也写到:“the term (tectonic) not only indicates a structural and material probity but also a poetics of construction”(详见引言03)。

因而,中国的建筑理论界在引进Frampton的“建构理论”的同时,“建造的诗篇”这个词也不可避免的随之引进。

1Forty, Adrian, Words and Buildings-A Vocabulary of Modern Architecture, London, Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2000然而,中文的“诗(篇)”这个词并不像“建构”那样是什么舶来品:中国的“诗”文化源远流长、博大精深。

虽说英文单词“Poetics”对应的中文词语通常就是“诗(篇)”或者“诗意”,但是不同文化背景之下相同词语的细微差异不能被忽视。

正如同李浩先生在《唐诗的美学阐释》一书中阐释“唐诗的情感体验”时指出:“如果说,西方文学由于受到希腊文学中史诗传统的影响,以塑造人的性格,挖掘人的深层意识为特点的话,那么中国文学则由于受到风骚传统的影响,以情感表现擅长。

2”确然,中文的“诗”和“情”有着千丝万缕的联系。

冯纪忠先生在“关于‘建构’的访谈”中谈到“所谓诗意,我的理解就是有情”(详见引言07)。

并且指出“在我看,‘建构’就是组织材料成物并表达感情,透露感情”(详见引言06)。

而且在“由‘Tectonic在同济’引起的”这篇文章中莫天伟先生和卢永毅先生也多次提到“诗意”,“诗”以及“情感”这类的词汇,并且富于想象力的从“建构”这个词中听到“鲁班、米开朗基罗,以及那些古代工匠们在构筑生活中诗意的笑声”(详见引言09)。

在这里,“建造的诗意(诗篇)”与“情感”,特别是建筑师(或建造者)个人的“情感”联系在了一起。

虽然Frampton所提的“建造的诗篇”本身就是个比较模糊的词,但是我们仍然可以从他的文章中探悉“建造的诗篇”所涉及的内容。

在《建构文化研究》的Introduction中,“建造的诗篇”是与“建造技术潜在的表达的可能性”(详见引言01)相联系的,而后面Frampton 提到“建筑的全部建构潜能就在于将它自身的本质转化为充满诗意而又具有认知功能的构造能力”(详见引言02)。

可以看出,在这里与“诗篇”相关的并不是我们通常意义上的“情感”;而是“建造技术的表达”以及“建筑自身的本质”。

相关主题