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阿尔茨海默病动物模型建立及研究 肖勇闫玮娟杜红红王佳冰 (济南军区青岛第二疗养院康复科,266071)
【关键词1阿尔茨海默病;动物模型;综述 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种在老年 期发生的以进行性痴呆为主要特征的神经退行性疾病,主 要临床表现为进行性认知功能障碍和记忆力衰退…1,以脑 细胞内神经纤维缠结(nerve fiber tangles,NFI")和细胞外老 年斑(senile plaques,SP)以及大量神经元丢失为主要神经病 理特征_2l。关于AD的病因、发病机制还不十分明确,因此 研究建立可靠的AD动物模型对于探明AD及防治药物的 研究与开发均具有重要意义。本文就目前AD动物模型的 研究现状作一综述。 1 损伤模型 1.1化学损伤 1.1.1 乙酰胆碱M受体阻断剂所致的动物模型 乙酰胆 碱M受体阻断剂动物模型可造成认知障碍_3_,但对长时记 忆和海马神经元结构无明显影响 。 1.1.2兴奋性毒素所致的动物模型 兴奋性毒素所致的 动物模型模拟了与学习记忆有关的胆碱能神经系统损害 的信息,但无神经炎斑块及NFT的组织病理学改变,且神 经毒氨基酸对乙酰胆碱系统的损伤可逆转。同时应注意兴 奋性神经毒素氨基酸对非胆碱能神经元也有影响_5l。 1.1.3选择性胆碱能神经毒素所致的动物模型 1一乙基
一1一(2一羟乙基)一氯化氮丙啶(AF64A)是选择性胆碱能神经 毒素所致的动物模型,可以模拟大脑皮层、海马等脑区胆 碱能神经系统损害和记忆认知行为的改变,但不能形成 A B沉积、NFYs等组织病理学改变_6l。 1.1.4免疫毒素所致的动物模型该模型主要用于研究 胆碱能神经元选择性损害和AD认识障碍的关系机制,拟