[耐火材料工艺] 学生姓名： 徐正茂 学生学号： 200911102076 院 （系）： 材料工程学院 年级专业：2009级材料科学与工程二班 指导教师： 助理指导教师：

二〇一一年十二月 摘 要 耐火材料是一种耐火度不低于1580℃，有较好的抗热冲击和化学侵蚀的能力、导热系数低和膨胀系数低的无机非金属材料。其主要是以铝矾土、硅石、菱镁矿、白云石等天然矿石为原料经加工后制造而成的。其应用是用作高温窑、炉等热工设备的结构材料，以及工业用高温容器和部件的材料，并能承受相应的物理化学变化及机械作用。主要是广泛用于冶金、化工、石油、机械制造、硅酸盐、动力等工业领域，在冶金工业中用量最大，占总产量的50％～60％。耐火材料的发展在国民工业生产的应用中有着举足轻重的地位。中国耐火材料的发展历史悠久，具有了较为完整的生产工艺，其当代的发展已经是能独立研发各种性能较为优越的耐火材料，但依然存在各种缺点和不足。

关键词 中国，耐火材料，原理工艺，发展，前景 ABSTRACT

Refractory material is a kind of refractory for no less than 1580 DEG C, has good thermal shock resistance and chemical erosion ability, low thermal conductivity and low expansion coefficient of inorganic non metallic materials. It is primarily based on bauxite, magnesite, dolomite, silica and other natural ore as raw material after processing made of. Its application is used for high temperature kiln, furnace thermal equipment structure and industrial high-temperature materials, containers and components of the material, and can withstand the corresponding physical and chemical change and mechanical action. Is widely used in metallurgical, chemical, petroleum, machinery manufacturing, silicate, power and other industrial fields, in the metallurgical industry in the largest amount, total output 50% ~ 60%. Development of refractory material in the national industrial production and application has play a decisive role position. China the development of refractory material has a long history, has a relatively complete production process, and its contemporary development is the independent research and development of a variety of performance is more superior refractories, but still exist a variety of shortcomings and deficiencies.

Key words China, refractory materials, the principle technology, development 目 录 1 绪 论......................................................................................................................................... 5 2 耐火材料的分类和性能要求 ..................................................................................................... 5 2.1分类 ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1按组成来分 .............................................................................................................. 5 2.1.2按工艺方法来划分 .................................................................................................. 5 2.1.3根据耐火度来分 ...................................................................................................... 6 2.1.4根据耐火材料制品的外形来分 .............................................................................. 6 2.2基本性能要求 ..................................................................................................................... 6 3 中国耐火材料的发展 ................................................................................................................. 6 3.1中国古代耐火材料的制造和应用 ..................................................................................... 6 3.2中国当代耐火材料的发展 ................................................................................................. 7 4 耐火材料发展促进工业产业进步 ............................................................................................. 7 5 中国耐火材料存在的不足 ......................................................................................................... 7 6 中国耐火材料的发展前景 ......................................................................................................... 8 6.1原料优质化 ......................................................................................................................... 8 6.2向质量型转变 ..................................................................................................................... 8 6.3开拓新品种 ......................................................................................................................... 8 6.4新工艺 ................................................................................................................................. 9 6.5耐火材料综合消耗 ............................................................................................................. 9 7 耐火材料的制备原理 ................................................................................................................. 9 7.1耐火原料的加工 ................................................................................................................. 9 7.2耐火材料成型工艺 ........................................................................................................... 10 7.3耐火材料的干燥 ............................................................................................................... 10 7.4耐火材料的烧成 ............................................................................................................... 10 8 耐火材料的生产工艺 ............................................................................................................... 10 8.1原料的加工 ....................................................................................................................... 10 8.2配料与混练 ....................................................................................................................... 10 8.3砖坯的成型 ....................................................................................................................... 11 8.4: 砖坯干燥......................................................................................................................... 12 8.5制品烧成 ........................................................................................................................... 12 9 结 论....................................................................................................................................... 13 参考文献......................................................................................................................................... 14