本科生毕业设计说明书（设计论文）

题 目：光伏发电系统建模及其仿真 光伏发电系统建模及其仿真

摘要

伴随着能源危机和环境问题的不断加剧，清洁能源的发展进程被大大的推进了。太阳能作为一种新能源以其没有污染，安全又可靠，能量随处可以得到等优点越来越受到人们的青睐。无论从近期还是远期，无论从能源环境的角度还是从边远地区和特殊应用领域需求的角度考虑，太阳能发电都极具有吸引力。那么对光伏发电系统的研究则就变得既有价值又有意义。

通过对光伏发电系统的理论研究学习，建立了完整的光伏发电系统体系，本文深入的研究了光伏电池在不同光照强度、不同温度下的电压、功率输出特性。

本文的研究重点是光伏发电系统的控制技术，以及在MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真环境下的仿真结果。讨论了多种最大功率点跟踪方法；且分别讨论学习了在光伏并网和独立发电系统情况下的逆变器和MPPT的控制，并建立了仿真模型，提出了相应的控制策略。且在最后论述了孤岛效应的产生和反孤岛策略，用电压频率检测法完成了孤岛检测与保护。

关键词：光伏电池，逆变器，最大功率点跟踪，孤岛效应， MATLAB仿真

Abstract

With the growing energy crisis and environmental problems, clean

energy is greatly promote the development process. Solar energy as a new

kind of energy for its no pollution, safe and reliable, widely available

energy advantages, such as more and more get the favor of people. No matter

from the near future or long-dated and, no matter from the Angle of energy

and environment, or from remote areas and special applications demand

point of view, solar power generation is extremely attractive. So the

study of photovoltaic power generation system has become both a rewarding

and meaningful.

Through the study of theoretical research of photovoltaic power

generation system, established a complete system of photovoltaic power

generation system, this paper in-depth study the photovoltaic cells under

different illumination intensity, temperature, voltage, power output

characteristics.

In this paper, the research emphasis is the control technology of

photovoltaic power generation system, and the simulation results in

MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Discussed a variety of maximum power point tracking methods; And, respectively, to discuss the study under the

condition of independent power generation and photovoltaic (pv) grid

system of the inverter with MPPT control, and established the simulation

model, put forward the corresponding control strategy. And islanding is

discussed at the end of the production and the reverse island strategy,

using frequency voltage tests completed island detection and protection.

Keywords: photovoltaic batteries, inverter, maximum power point tracking,

islanding, the MATLAB simulation

目录

摘要................................................................ I

Abstract........................................................... II

第一章 绪 论....................................................... 1

1.1新能源发电的背景和意义....................................... 1

1.2光伏产业的现状和前景......................................... 2

1.2.1太阳能光伏发电的发展现状 ............................... 2

1.2.2光伏发电产业的前景 ..................................... 4 1.3本文设计容................................................... 5

第二章 光伏发电系统概述............................................. 6

2.1光伏发电系统的基本工作原理................................... 6

2.2光伏发电系统的组成........................................... 7

2.3光伏发电系统的分类........................................... 8

2.3.1太阳能独立光伏发电系统 ................................. 8

2.3.2 并网光伏发电系统....................................... 9

2.3.3互补型光伏发电系统 .................................... 12

第三章 光伏发电系统建模及其仿真.................................... 13

3.1光伏电池阵列的建模.......................................... 13

3.1.1 光伏电池阵列的数学模型................................ 13

3.1.2 光强和温度对光伏电池输出结果的影响.................... 16

3.1.3太光照强度模型 ........................................ 18

3.2光伏发电系统的主电路模型.................................... 19

3.2.1光伏并网发电系统的主电路模型 .......................... 20

3.2.2离网型光伏发电系统的主电路的模型 ...................... 21

第四章 光伏发电系统的控制技术...................................... 22

4.1光伏发电MPPT技术........................................... 22

4.2电导增量法.................................................. 24

4.2.1电导增量法的原理 ...................................... 24

4.2.2电导增量法改进 ........................................ 27

4.3 最大功率控制技术仿真 ....................................... 29 4.4光伏并网发电系统的控制...................................... 33

4.4.1并网逆变器控制 ........................................ 33

4.4.2 电流环的分析建模...................................... 36

4.4.3锁相环的原理分析 ...................................... 38

4.5离网光伏发电系统的控制...................................... 41

4.5.1 光伏充电控制分析...................................... 41

4.5.2独立光伏发电系统的逆变器控制技术 ...................... 46

第五章 光伏并网系统中的孤岛效应................................... 49

5.1孤岛效应的分析和危害........................................ 50

5.2 孤岛效应的检测 ............................................. 50

5.2.1孤岛检测标准 .......................................... 50

5.2.2孤岛检测方法 .......................................... 52

结论............................................................... 57

展望............................................................... 58

参考文献........................................................... 60

致................................................................. 62