论文磁通门传感器 吉林大学本科毕业论文（设计）

2 摘要

三分量磁通门地磁场检测装置是应用磁通门传感器对地磁场进行测量的矢量检测装置。与其它类型测磁仪器相比，磁通门传感器具有分辨率高，测量弱磁场范围宽，体积小、重量轻、功耗低，经济性好，能够直接测量磁场的失量和适于在高速运动系统中使用等特点，被广泛应用于各种领域。

本文分析了磁通门传感器的工作原理，详细论述了如何采用数字检波的方法进行信号处理.本文还介绍了三分量地磁场检测装置硬件电路的设计和单片机程序。检测装置主要由三分量磁通门传感器、单片机最小系统、A/D数据采集电路和串口电路构成。三分量磁通门传感器检测到磁场的矢量大小，输出信号经过有源滤波器和放大器处理后得到三路幅度与磁场各分量大小成正比的正弦信号。A/D同时对三路信号进行4倍频采样，将两个周期的采样数据传送到单片机，然后单片机通过串行端口将数据发送到计算机，最后由计算机完成数据的处理和分析。

关键词 三分量 地磁场 数字检波 数据采集 串行端口

吉林大学本科毕业论文（设计）

2

The Design of Geomagnetic Field Detection Device

Based on Three-component Fluxgate Sensors

Abstrat

The three-component fluxgate geoamagnetic field detection device is a kind

of vector detection device which can measure the geoamagnetic field

pared with other instruments which can measure geomagnetic

field,the fluxgate sensor has the virtue of small size,light weight, low power

consumption and good economy,is used widely in different fields.

This paper introduces the working principle of the fluxgate sensor and the

digital demodulation method in detail. The design of hardware circuit of

the three-component fluxgate geomagnetic field detection device and

progamming of MCU are also introduced in this paper. The detection

device consists of three-component fluxgate sensors, MCU system, A/D

data acquisition circuit and com port communication circuit. The magnetic

vector is detected by the three-component fluxgate sensors,signals output

from the senors are processed by active filters and amplifiers.Then there

are three sinusoidal signals,whose amplitude are proportional to the

magnitude of geomagnetic field component. The A/D convertor produces 4

points sampling signals, and transmits data of two cycles to CPU, then

CPU send the data to computer via the com port. Finally,the data is

processed and analyzed by computer.

吉林大学本科毕业论文（设计）

2 Keywords three components geomagnetic field Digital

demodulation Data Acquisition Com Port

目录

摘要 ..................................................................................................................... 1

ABSTRAT ........................................................................................................... 2

1 绪论 ............................................................................................................... 1

1.1 研究三分量磁通门地磁场检测装置的目的和意义 ............................. 1

1.2 各种测磁仪器 ......................................................................................... 2

1.3 磁通门测磁仪器的研究现状 ................................................................. 5

2 检测装置的工作原理 ................................................................................... 6

2.1 磁通门传感器的工作原理 ..................................................................... 6

2.2 检测装置的工作原理 ............................................................................. 8

2.3 地磁检测装置的主要功能 ................................................................... 12

3 三分量磁通门地磁场检测装置的硬件电路设计 ................................... 12

3.1 前置检测电路的设计 ........................................................................... 12

3.1.1 分频电路和信号转换电路的设计： ........................................... 13

3.1.2 驱动电路的设计： ....................................................................... 13

3.1.3 选频放大电路的设计： ............................................................... 14

3.2 16位A/D转换器4倍频采样的硬件设计 ......................................... 16

3.2.1 根据A/D采集电路的设计要求选择合适的A/D： .................. 16

3.2.2 A/D采集电路的设计： ............................................................... 17

3.3 内部电源的设计 ................................................................................... 18

4 三分量磁通门地磁场检测装置的的软件设计 ......................................... 19

4.1 STC89C54RD+单片机介绍 ............................................................... 19

4.2 A/D的软件控制 ................................................................................. 20

4.3 程序流程图 ......................................................................................... 21

4.4 示例程序 ............................................................................................. 21

4.5 串口发送的硬件设计 ......................................................................... 23 吉林大学本科毕业论文（设计）

2 5 测试结果及分析 ....................................................................................... 24

5.1 分频器电路测试 ................................................................................. 24

5.2 功率驱动电路的测试 ........................................................................... 25

5.3 信号转换电路测试 ............................................................................... 25

5.4 带通滤波器的测试 ............................................................................... 26

6 对三分量测量的通道差异进行校正的方案设计 ................................... 28

6.1 方案1：通过硬件电路的调试进行校正 .......................................... 28

6.2 方案2：通过软件编程对测量结果进行校正 .................................. 29

总结 ................................................................................................................... 30

参考文献及参考资料 ....................................................................................... 31

致谢 ................................................................................................................... 33

英文翻译 ........................................................................................................... 34

英文翻译原文 ................................................................................................... 37