E-C
Passage 1
①On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle
waves wash over my feet, I felt part of universe, even if only a minuscule one, like
a grain of sand on the beach.
②Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with
my patients.
③When I walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing
I, too,
had been a patient there.
④It was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it
is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis.
⑤It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes-a man with a total
laryngectomy-when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.
⑥If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within
the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think.
⑦Why measure life in heartbeats?
⑧When life is dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart,
then it is fragile indeed.
⑨The only thing that one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.
①上次到巴哈马度假期间，我沿着海滩漫步，海浪轻轻抚揉着我的双脚，此时此刻，我蓦然觉得自己与整个宇宙融为一体，尽管我显得微不足道，就像海滩上的一粒沙子。
②虽然我不得不限制自己的医务工作量，但我感到与病人更加心灵相通。
③当我走进特别护理室时，一种敬畏之感油然而生，因为我知道自己也曾是这里的病人。
④我明白，在经历了被确诊为癌症的极度痛苦之后，仍有可能享受人生，因此，安慰癌症患者是我最大的快乐。
⑤一位病人做了喉切除手术，我问他是否想喝冻啤酒，而且为他拿来了一杯，这时我看到他眼里闪耀着感激的神情，一股暖流顿时涌上我的心头。
⑥倘若人们意识到人的一生只不过是宇宙的时间长河中转瞬即逝的一刹那，那么以岁月计算的生命就不会像我们所想象的那样重要了。
⑦何必以心跳来定生死呢？
⑧当生命依赖于心跳这样一种不可靠的功能时，它的确脆弱不堪。
⑨而只有死亡才是人们唯一可以绝对依赖的。(许建平<英汉互译实践与技巧>清华大学出版社)
[分析]
本文主要涉及视角转换(shift of perspective)，增词(amplification)，和意合(parataxis)等翻译技巧。具体分析如下：
① 意合：英文形合的一个复合句翻译成中文意合的七个散句。
视角转换：词性的转换，介词转换成动词"到"。
切分："I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet"在译文中分成两个句子。
增词：增加"此时此刻"。
② 视角转换：由肯定"had to"转换成否定形式"不得不"。
形合：译文中仍为由"虽然"和"但是"这一组转折连词连接。 ③ 视角转换:"knowing I, too, had been a patient there"这一分词短语转换成由"因为"引导的原因状语从句
④ 视角转换：句序调整
增词：增加连词"因此"
切分："knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis"这一分词短语切分成译文中的三个分句。
⑤ 意合
视角转换：句序调整；词性转换，名词"sparkle"转换成动词"闪耀着"。
切分："It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes"分成译文中的两个分句。
增词：增加"感激的神情"，"顿时"等。
⑥ 形合：译文仍由"倘若"和"那么"这一组条件状语从句连词连接。
⑦ 增词：增加语气助词"呢"。
⑧ 视角转换：词性转换，形容词"is dependent on"转换成动词"依赖于"。
⑨ 省词：省略"thing" 。