英语商务合同的语言特征摘要:英语商务合同作为一种庄重的法律文体,其语言有其独特的特征.本文从语法,句法,等方面探索和总结了英语商务合同的基本语言特征.关键词: 英语商务合同语言特征随着经济全球化与一体化进程的加快,我国与世界各国的联系日益密切,尤其是加入世界WTO后,我国与世界各国的贸易快速发展.同时我们看到在对外贸易中也出现了不少涉外经济纠纷,其中不少贸易纠纷在很大程度是因为合同语言表达欠缺原因所引起的,目前我国涉外合同多为英文版本,而英文商务合同其语言有严格的要求,本文重点从英语语法,词法,等方面探索和归纳了英语商务合同的语言特征.1.语法特征1.1 大量使用专业和法律词汇英语商务合同涉及工业生产,国际贸易,国际结算,法律等方面,合同涉及的内容不同使用的专业术语也不同,一份完整的对外贸易商务合同,经常会涉及到技术,金融,经济,国际贸易,国际结算等方面的专业术语.例如: 1. 50% of the total contract value as deposit shall be remitted by the Buyer to the Seller through telegraphic transfer within seven days after signing this contract.此句为买卖合同中的付款条款,涉及的专业词语有:deposit (定金);telegraphic transfer (电汇)2.Shipment on or before May 31 from Shenzhen to Willington, allowing partial shipments and transshipment .此句为合同中装运条款,涉及到的运输方面专业术语有:shipment (装运) ;partial shipment (分批装运); transshipment (转船).合同是具有法律效力的经济文书,为了维护法律文件的权威性,在商务英语合同中常使用我们平时不常使用的法律词汇.例:N either Party may assign this Agreement ,in whole or part ,without the other Party’s Prior written consent, except to any corporation resulting from any merger, consolidation or other reorganization involving the assigning Party, and any entity to which the assigning Party may transfer all or substantially all of its asset, provided that the assigning agrees in writing to be bound by all the terms and conditions of this Agreement and provides documentation as evidence that the assignee has the ability and capability of meeting all of the obligations under this Agreement .此句中涉及到的法律方面的专业术语有: assign consolidation entity merger reorganization the assigning party assignee be bound by1.2 缩略词的使用缩略词在英语商务合同中出现的频率很高,而且主要为首字母缩略词和截短词.其中价格,付款方式,保险多为首字母缩略词形式出现,如:FOB free on boardCIF cost insurance freightDDU delivered duty unpaidD/P document against paymentT/T telegraphic transferL/C letter of creditW.A. with particularF.R.A. free from particular average此外,一些计量单位及相关词语则通常以截短词形式出现,如:CTN carton or containerPC pieceNO. numberV vesselm metercm centimeterMIN minimumkg kilogramt ton1.3 多个同义词或近义词连用多个同义词和近义词在英语商务合同中并列使用,体现了合同作为法律文书的严肃性和合同用词的严谨性,确保了原文意思高度完整,准确,避免合同意思的曲解.例一:The Bidder shall bear all costs associated with the preparation and submission of its bid (hereafter referred to as the Buyer),will in no case be responsible or liable for these costs, regardless of the conduct or outcome of the bidding process.此句中出现两对同义词连用，第一对responsible or liable，这一对词都是表示法律上有责任的。

responsible一词除“应负责任的”外，还有认真的，可靠的，可信赖的等义，liable 除“有(法律)责任的，有义务的”外，还有“应受罚的，”“应付税的”，“应服从的”“易于…的”等等意思。

很显然，如不采取两词连用，就有可能产生不必要的误解，而这两个词连用时，就只能取两词共有的意义，即“应负有责任。

”就不会产生别解，误解。

同样，第二对连用Conduct or outcome都含有“result“的意思，"the conduct or outcome of the bidding process"意为“投标的结果，’，这是一对名词同义词的连用。

例二:This contract shall at all times be subject to and governed by the General Terms and Conditions on the back hereof which are an integral part hereof.此句中涉及近义词"be subject to" and "governed "取其应服从于和受支配于,同义词"Terms and Conditions"两者都有条款的意思.例三:If the Contractor shall duly perform and observe all the terms provisions conditions and stipulations of the said contract the Contractor's part to be performed and observed according to the true purport intent and meaning thereof.这句话中所提到的同义词连用如:terms, provisions, conditions and stipulations都是指合同条款,近义词"perform and observe"取其遵守和履行的意思.1.4 重点内容用大写突出强调效果大写是英语商务合同的重要组成部分,需要强调的内容一般都用大写突出:部分词和合同的条款例一:样品:SAMPLES;时间和量:DURA TION AND QUANTITY; 责任:RESPOSIBILITIES;保险:TERM OF INSURANCE.例二:The Seller shall mark on each package with fade paint the package number ,gross weight ,net weight ,measurement and warning such as: "KEEP AW ARY FROM MOISTURE" "HANDLE WITH CARE""THIS SIDE UP"....一旦合同履行者看到该合同,无论是在装运,运输还是在卸货过程中,根据说明,货物都会得到妥善处理.1.5诠释关键词在国际商务合同中,由于大多数合同当事人是来自不同的文化背景,他们对合同的许多词有不同的定义,因此,对于一写容易产生歧义词,尤其是关键词,在订立合同的时候要进行重新定义.例如:"site" here means the land and other place on ,under ,in or through which the Permanet works or Temporary works designed by the Engineer are to be executed .In order not to make misunderstanding ,this sentence explained the exact place for "site ",which will be subject to the exact situation.1.6 大量使用固体词固体词在现代英语口语和一般书面语中极少使用,但在商务合同中,却大量出现,充分体现了其庄严严肃的文体风格.英语商务合同中最常使用的固体词多为复合词由here ,there and where + 介词构成.here + preposition = preposition +this . E .g : hereafter = after this ; hereby = by this ; hereof = of this ; hereto = to this ; herewith = with this ;hereupon = upon thisthere + preposition = preposition +that. E. g: thereafter = after that ; thereby = by that ; thereof = of that; thereto = to that; therefor = for thatwhere + preposition = preposition +which. Eg: whereas =as which ; wherein= in which ; whereby= by which ; whereof = of which ;wherewith= with which例如: Hereafter called "the Purchaser". ( After this called " the Purchaser" )Now, therefor, it is hereby agreed and understood as follows: ( Now for that, it is by this agreed and understood as follows:)2. 句法特征作为法律文书,商务合同规定各方当事人的权利和义务。